Saturday, February 22, 2020
Information Security in Supply Chain Security Research Proposal
Information Security in Supply Chain Security - Research Proposal Example However, this ââ¬Ëinformation securityââ¬â¢ aspect in the supply chain security is not as greatly investigated as the other areas are. Given the fact that supply chains involve crucial information about organizations, nations as well as about individuals, it is a necessity to ensure the security of all the information. Large supply chains that include borders of different countries involve number of agencies that share information among themselves. Such a process requires a strong system that would ensure the security of information. This research proposal is an attempt to provide a guideline regarding the research that will be conducted on the information security systems that are used by the agencies like customs in various countries. The proposal includes details of research objectives, possible structure of literature review as well as the research methodology. Research Objectives The main purpose behind conducting this research is to identify and analyze the present inform ation security systems that are used by various key players in the supply chains. Furthermore, the research is also aimed at finding out the alternative security system models that may be used. There may be several aspects or parameters based on which a particular security system model can be analyzed. ... It is found that ASYCUDA (Automated System for Customs Data Acquisition) is one of those systems that are widely used by important agencies that are involved in the global supply chains. Hence, this research will aim at gathering sufficient information about this system, its usage, advantages and disadvantages. This will certainly be another main objective of the research. In addition to all these objectives, the research will also focus on identifying the requirements of changing the existing systems and having a new one that will be more efficient and effective. Hence, the following research question arise form these objectives. Is there any need of developing a new standard information security system that will be used across the world? Literature Review A preliminary study of literature reveals that supply chains have evolved in several respects over the past few decades. They have become more global than they were ever before. Today, major stakeholders in a supply chainââ¬â¢s security are the industry, governments and terminal operators. According to the findings of a research paper which is published by IT major IBM, key elements of the security of a supply chain include physical security, risk analysis, personnel security, information security and procedural security (Knight, 2003). As far as information security is considered it is certainly one of the most significant elements as the supply chain processes are managed by the information systems. Acknowledgement of the importance of information security must come with the acceptance of the fact that there are several problems that challenge the safety and security of information that are exchanged across the supply chains. Andrew R. Thomas has opined that one of the major problems
Wednesday, February 5, 2020
Research and critical evaluation on the M&M (Modigliani and Miller) Essay
Research and critical evaluation on the M&M (Modigliani and Miller) models and the production of a report - Essay Example The paper presents the elementary propositions of the Miller-Modigliani approach and after presenting their models, put forward a categorical analysis and criticism with respect to optimization for shareholdersââ¬â¢ returns in the context of arbitrage scenario (Chandra, 2002, pp.411-412, 417-418). Financial Decision Making in Achievement of Specified Business Objectives Financial Decision Making The financial decisions taken by a business firm to meet financial objectives must also fulfill the goals of specified business objectives. Finance is considered to be the lifeblood of a business concern. Hence management of the financial resources for an organization must be conducted in a manner as to satisfy the organizational goals. The gamut of financial decisions focus on key activities like planning, organizing, directing the capital requirements and the usages of the funds incorporated in a business organization. These financial activities must be pursued in order to meet key finan cial objectives like achieving a strong rate of return on the amount of capital invested. The business must target at achieving such levels of profits as would not only help in meeting the amount of investments made but also for helping the business to accumulate funds for the future. However, organizations must not only focus on achieving huge profits to augment the capital value of the stakeholders but must generate a holistic view in bettering the economic position of the firm (Joseph, 2005, pp.170-172).. The short term financial needs of a firm center on acquiring of short-term business assets in meeting the short-term liabilities of the concern. This aspect is known as the management of working capital, which is conducted to take care of the current solvent position of the concern (Chandra, 2002, pp.4-5). Maximizing Shareholder Value Most business organizations render importance to the issue of augmenting the value of the owners and shareholders of a business firm. The value of the owners or shareholders of a business firm reflects on the market value of the total amount of stock possessed by such. Market value of the stocks refers to the price quotes of such while being traded in stock exchanges. Wealth of the shareholders is maximized by the business organization through the augmentation of the present value of some future returns expected by the owners. Future returns depend on the accrual of dividends or of future sale proceeds of company stocks. The present value of such future income is calculated based on a specific rate of discount accounted on receiving cash dividends in the future period (Moyer, McGuigan, & Kretlow, 2008, p.5). Financial Strategy A business organization to perform effectively must formulate an adequate financial strategy to satisfy the business goals. An effective financial strategy drawn by any concern revolves around accomplishing two specific business needs. Firstly it endeavors to cite the sectors from which the firm can dra w in adequate amount of funds to meet its business needs. Secondly, it sets guidelines for the proper management of such funds within the organization to generate an efficient financial structure. The business organization must also look forward in maximizing the return on the investments made and in minimizing the rate of risks adhered to it (Bender & Ward, 2008, pp.4-6). The
Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Honda Strategy and Marketing Analysis
Honda Strategy and Marketing Analysis Volkswagen was the first company entering the Chinese automobile industry. Faced by a satisfied home market the company had to expand its business and therefore the growing economy of China was their next choice. The Volkswagen Beetle, the first car produced for the Chinese market, was a real success. After several yearsà competitors, mainly from the Japanese market like Honda, started to enter the Chinese market very aggressively andà due to that Volkswagen had to face the challenge to maintain its market leader position and therefore adopt theà corporate strategy. As a consequence Volkswagen China introduced its Olympic Program strategic plan in 2005. The program is calledOlympic since its aim is to reach the strategic goals set by the end of the Olympic year 2008. In the following we will analyze the strategic plans of Volkswagen and set them in context to the strategic behaviour ofà the Japanese competitor Honda. 3.1 Marketing Volkswagen announced to focus more on differentiation. This is due to the existence of two joint ventures and theà planned positioning of the Skoda products. By offering a large product variety the group aims to serve as many differentà target customer groups as possible. In opposition to previous product designs the new cars offered by Volkswagen will be adapted to Chinese taste in orderà to increase the brands popularity. The former Volkswagen products were designed for the European market but sinceà Japanese car manufacturers fit better to the Asian taste the company had to react. The Volkswagen products in Chinaà compete on quality but to maintain the companys leading position it is unremitting to produce cars that are bothà fashionable and qualitative. 3.2 Sales Sales relationships are going to be restructured and there will be more interaction between the two joint ventures FAWà VW and VWS. These strategic interactions are another way to increase the companys customer orientation and therebyà the attractiveness of the brand. Dealerships will be tailored to the newly-defined customer groups segmentation of theà two joint ventures respectively. Vehicles of the Volkswagen brand will be distributed through two dealer networkà channels. By this, Volkswagen aims at its strategic goal to maintain its leading position by serving different customerà groups. 3.3 Research and Development The company focuses more on in-house developments within the Volkswagen joint ventures in China to save costs. Tenà to twelve new models developed in China for the Chinese market should be launched by the end of 2008. 3.4 Sourcing and Supply Chain Historically the two joint ventures VW Shanghai FAW VW in Changchun sourced separately but within the last decadeà sourcing became more challenging for the company: the cars are becoming more sophisticated and therefore theà components have to fulfil higher expectations, the technical expertise of the supplier is getting more important and it isà difficult for Volkswagen to find suppliers which meet their requirements, lack of availability of certain raw materialsà (e.g. specific kinds of steel) cause sourcing difficulties. As a reaction Volkswagen is trying to introduce a common sourcing process for the global group and bundle theà purchasing volume in China to create economies of scale. Thereby the target is to find one supplier for each platformà part and carry these parts to China. 3.5 Manufacturing In order to decrease production costs the board decided to introduce so called product cost workshops within theà manufacturing departments to communicate cost targets and produce to costs. Also large parts of the manufacturingà process will be done in China and localization in China are planned to be increased to make use of the cheaper labourà wages in China. Besides all plans to reduce production costs Volkswagen tries not to compromise its high engineeringà quality and manufacturing standards since this is a very important success factor for the company. 4. Honda strategy in China Honda advocates the spirit of three joys. Because of their belief in the value of each individual, Honda believes that each person working in, or coming in touchà with their company, directly or through their products, should share a sense of joy through that experience. This feelingà is expressed in what they call The Three Joys. Their goal is to provide Joy: for those who buy their products and produce their products. In that regard, their main concern is for people. First, there is The Joy of Buying for every customer who buys a Honda This Joy is a step beyond customer satisfaction. As they define it, there are four steps to successfully creating The Joyà of Buying.à We also pick up another 4 strategy of Guangzhou Honda in China. Firstly, large scales of purchasing; Honda uses theirà economies of scale by working with their parts suppliers to order raw materials in large quantities. Secondly, suppliers localization, more than 160 component suppliers around Guangzhou Honda to manufacture someà supports component for automobiles. For example, the glass seat and engine. These parts are supplied not only forà Guangzhou Honda but also sometimes for exporting. Whats more, setting up manufacturing base for transmission inà Guangzhou really makes a record, because this is the first time for foreign-funded automobiles enterprises to set upà transmission manufacturing base in China. And this investment of Honda makes the supplier localization especially theà suppliers for core parts. Thirdly, optimizing logistics process. They use logistics management software from USA.The logistics department ofà Guangzhou Honda was demanded to operate according to the pattern in Janpese Logistics Company. They emphasizeà importing the service quality in logistics, decreasing logistics cost enlarge market share and competitiveness and importà new technology and methods in logistics from USA. Fourthly, making supply chain perfect. The Honda setting up a local transmission manufacturing base in Guangzhouà makes transmissions no longer popular in importing and components industrial chain in China will develop to perfect. the newly set-up base will provide transmissions to three Honda companies in China(Guangzhou Honda, Dongfengà Honda and China Honda)In this pattern, the most crucial part of automobileengine production has been promoted aà lot. In the influence of transmission localization. The biggest supplier of clutch in Japan set up a factory in 5 years with theà total investment54million dollars in Nanhai District in Guangzhou and it manufacture clutch for Guangzhou Hondaà directly. With the localization of supplier of transmission and clutch the supply chain of Guangzhou Honda has developed intoà nearly perfect. Hondas strategy in supply chain can considerably decrease the cost which gives Guangzhou Honda more profits. Then we move on to the comparison of the marketing between Volkswagen and Honda. Firstly, for Honda they launch aà new car later in China compared with in Japan. For example, the Accord in 2008 was launched half a year later in Chinaà than in Japan. But for Volkswagen, a new car will have a same launching agenda all over the world; it means same timeà promoting same time marketing. Secondly, Honda adjusts the price to the situation of market nearly every season. Demand fluctuation, price fluctuation. The flexible price strategy is different from Volkswagens steady price strategy which perhaps gives consumers moreà reliability. Thirdly, Honda fight for market share and Volkswagen emphasize brand reputation in long term, Honda targetà consumers which means flexible strategy will be much easier for company to survive and succeed. While forà Volkswagen, more luxury and exclusive element allow Volkswagen to offer more credence for consumers in order toà gain reputation in long term. Case study : SIAC 6.4.1. General History of SVW and SGM Not only did Shanghai present an advantage as a potential market, butà Shanghais heavy industrial infrastructure also made major contributions to Shanghaià VW (SVW) and Shanghai GM (SGM). A larger number of parts factories, togetherà with the extant Shanghai car plants and the citys steel and other heavy industries,à cried out for the final ingredients necessary for rapid development: modernà technology and management skills. An automobile cluster began to develop in Shanghai in the 1980s, thanks toà strong government support at different levels. To upgrade the national automobileà industry following international standards and to avoid an influx of automobileà imports, the central government started negotiation with VW in 1978 for theà establishment of a joint auto production firm. During that entire year, the countrysà state-owned auto factories produced only 15,500 vehicles, and the industry was characterized by old-fashioned, low-quality cars that were produced with outdatedà equipment in a labor-intensive process (Kiefer, 1998). Chinese official pressed theà idea of building autos for export and insisted on auto-parts localization. The Germanà counterpart, however, explained the necessity of auto-part import at the first stage andà proposed the idea of localization as China became more experienced in producingà quality part supplies. Within this cooperative atmosphere, the contrac t was signed inà 1984. This joint venture was owned 50% by Volkswagen, 25% by SAIC, 15% by theà Bank of Chinas Shanghai Trust and Consultancy Corporation, and 10% by the Chinaà National Automotive Industrial Corporation. The involvement of Chinese partnersà revealed careful forethought: The Bank of China could provide or guarantee neededà loans, SAIC would have an interest in solving local problems, and CNAIC could be aà link to the central planner. (Harwit, 1995, p. 153). To reduce its dependence on VW and to stimulate technology transfer afterà one decade of cooperation, SAIC decided to engage in the joint venture with GM inà the early 1990s. SAIC and GM signed a contract to jointly set up Shanghai GMà production facilities in Pudong in 1997. GM was anxious to win this joint ventureà because it believed that SAIC was the best automobile company in China. Indeed,à SAIC was highly profitable due to many advantages. Notably, the Chineseà government had chosen SAIC to be the primary passenger car producer enabling it toà acquire the most relevant technological experiences, more so than any other domesticà company. However, the obvious disadvantage of working with SAIC was its existingà joint venture with VW which was one of GMs global competitors and which hadà dominated the Chinese passenger car market since the mid-80s (see Table 19). Sinceà its establishment, SGM has grown into one of the largest car producers in China. 6.4.2. Auto Supplier Cluster in Shanghai Area The development of the automobile industry in the city was strongly supportedà by municipal policies, including infrastructure development, labor market, andà industrial policies. In addition, to stimulate broad manufacturing competencies and toà integrate Chinese suppliers within the region, the central government enforced local-content regulations on those auto joint ventures to spur the development of a regionalà production network with substantial local linkages. Meanwhile, there has been a strong tendency in the international automobileà industry to develop hierarchical supplier networks and shift the developing,à manufacturing, and assembly responsibilities of important modules to the first-tierà suppliers. Along with the globalization strategy of the automobile producers, largeà first-tier suppliers were also required to follow their auto assembly partners and set upà production facilities in other nations (Sadler, 1998). As a consequence, VWà demanded that important first-tier suppliers establish production facilities in China,à preferably within the region. However, production volume (less than 20,000 units in 1990) at that time was too small for global suppliers to set up mass productionà facilities in Shanghai. In the initial years after production was launched, SVW still imported most parts and components for the production of the VW Santana from overseas, a large part of which was from Germany. At that time, there were basically no firms in theà region that could have supplied the parts that were needed. However, the Chineseà government threatened to impose a production limit on SVW if the firm would notà increase its local content in production. To achieve the 70% local content regulationà but at the same time to ensure global quality standards, VW and the Chineseà government worked interactively in promoting joint venture partnerships in the autoà parts sector. 6.4.3. Joint Ventures Firm Strategy and Competition SAICs strategy is clear-to form multiple auto JVs with different globalà firms and to benefit from competitions between those partners, in regard toà technology transfer, new model introduction, and supply market rationalization. SAICs experience with GM and VW proved this strategy, and GM seems to do aà better job in quality control, technology adaptation, and accurate appraisals ofà domestic demand market than its competitor VW. While VW and GM areà increasingly going head to head in the marketplace as they expand their product lines,à SAIC may find itself competing with both when its own car goes on sale. At the same . time, VW and GM run the risk of being shunted aside as Chinas domestic autoà industry develops. In July 2004, national auto sales rose only 3.7% over the same period in 2003à (CAAM, 2005). The growth slowdown has had a significant impact on VW who wasà losing market shares because of an aging product line and increased competition. Inà 2002, cars made by SVW had 27.6% of the China market; in 2003 they slipped toà 19.6%, and for the first seven months of 2004, they fell further to 15.5% (Xu, 2005). VWs difficulties have created an opportunity for GM, which passed SVWà briefly in June 2004 to become the market leader. Over the past few years, Chineseà consumers have become more savvy shoppers through greater access to informationà (The middle class., 2001), said Phil Murtaugh (CEO of GM China) at the 2001à China Business Summit, and they have higher expectations for the products and theirà quality. (The middle class., 2001). He pointed to the dramatic increase of internetà usage and the greater number of Chinese auto publications. Chinas growing middleà class itself represents a sophisticated customer base for a broaden product mix andà thus fierce competition, Murtaugh said (The middle class., 2001). A carefulà evaluation of changing domestic consumers and a close relationship with Chineseà engineers in its technical center keeps GM consistently in the leading position inà Chinese passenger car market. 6.4.4. Technology Transfer: Good and Badà Scholars a dvocated that the existing supplier network and industrialà infrastructure were important reasons why GM also decided to set up productionà facilities in Shanghai in 1997(Gallagher, 2005; Taylor III, 2004), while the laterà success of GM, to a large extent, is attributed to its sincere investment in localà technology development and close cooperation with Chinese engineers. Nonetheless,à problems could rise from inter-JV technology transfer. GM was the first company that actually established a technical center withà additional investment in Shanghai, following the governments promotion ofà technology transfer in the 1994 industrial policy. A separate $50 million US jointà venture was established between GM and SAIC named the Pan Asian Technicalà Center (PATAC). PATACs main purpose is to provide engineering support to SGMà and other Chinese auto companies. PATAC has also established an in-houseà emissions testing center and has employed around 400 Chinese engineers, which,à though not directly training Chinese engineers, gives China the opportunity to workà closely with advanced techniques and learn in the process. According to Porter (1990), only when a foreign company transfers RDà decisions can it add to the host nations competitiveness.Ã
Monday, January 20, 2020
Greek Accomplishment and Foundation of the Western World Essay
Greek Accomplishment and Foundation of the Western World Most people today think that our ancestors made up our current cultures and traditions by themselves. However, most of western society is based upon Greek culture and ideas that were passed to the Romans and then passed on to Europe, and then Americas. We still share characteristics with the ancient world. The most important aspect that made Greek ideas so appealing was the idea that humans were able to reason: the highest value that a human could ascribe to. Their definition of reason was that a person should ask questions, and then use a system of thinking and activities to find physical answers and then know what they indicate. In modern day, this process is known as the scientific method. If done correctly, this system should lead to more questions and should never be answered by supernatural explanations. This was the beginning of a revolt against the Greek religion. It led to the idea of liberalism: a very optimistic belief in human potential. They believed that humans had capa city of improvement. If you believed in liberalism, you could understand and control natural and human forces. They believed that if you could control things, then you should be able to govern yourselves. The ability to reason makes them capable of self-government. The Europeans readily accepted this and other important ideas of that time. They also felt individualism, in that all rights and privileges were relative to themselves and not to a family or other group. Government Democracy, where people govern themselves instead of being ruled by a king, was first documented in ancient Greece, especially in the city of Athens. The government was a loose federation of cooperating city-state... ...e still valued today in the arts and school. Humans are still celebrated as the subject of art and theatre. The Greeks developed ideas such as materialism, commerce, and profit, and how to apply them to the physical world. Without those ideas our society could not have evolved the way that it did because capitalism may not have existed. They also coined the idea of individualism in that all rights, privileges, strengths, and weaknesses were relative to an individual and not to a family or society. In other words you will be punished or rewarded for your own doing. They also developed the idea that humans are equal except for their innate traits. The ancient Greeks developed a great deal of what we take for granted and in fact, we would be a completely different society if they had not existed. This is why Greece is often known as the Cradle of Western Civilization.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Financial Statement Review Essay
Introduction Patton-Fuller Community hospital is committed to offering our patients innovative medical services. This is not possible if the financial staff does not take steps to ensure the relationship between sources and expenses reflect positive results. Understanding the differences between the audited and unaudited financial statements will allow the facility to balance its finances. We will evaluate the effects of revenue sources for planning and control. Examining the differences between 2008 and 2009 financial statements will help pinpoint if there were positive or negative changes and why. This will allow us to identify how we can work more efficiently fund necessary advancements of our medical services (Patton-Fuller Community Hospital, 2006) Financial Statements Review The first difference between the audited and unaudited statements is with Patient Accounts Receivable. For 2009 the total in the unaudited form is $59,787, and the audited is $58,787 which is a difference of $1,000. The second difference is in the Statement of Revenue and Expense report. Under the Provision for Doubtful accounts for 2009, the unaudited statement has a value of $13,797, where the audited statement has a value of $14,797 ââ¬â a difference of $1,000. Under the same statement, operating income for 2009 was reported as $689, but after audit it was found to be -$311, a difference of $378. These changes made a difference in the net income from the unaudited statement of $627 to -$373 in the audited statement. Effect of Revenue Sources With any company the revenue will come from many sources, which will include the interest on loans, income from renting or leasing, and the sale of goods. Patton Fuller Community hospital revenue comes from eighty percent inpatient activity, what is included in this is the surgical nursing, medical, surgery charges, and the intensive care unit charges. Then, the other twenty percent, of the revenue, from the hospital will come from the emergency department, and from any other outpatient services. Accountants will be the first ones to record the hospital information, on ledgers than they are transferred to the official financial statements. This will used to retain earning statements, income statements, statements of the cash flows,à and the balance sheet are the four basic types of the financial statements that are hit by the revenue sources. Revenues and Expenses Grouping Financial ratios show that they are not improving from the information given. Out of the eight ratios only two show improvement from 2008 to 2009. Current, quick, dayââ¬â¢s cash, A/R days debt service coverage and liabilities to net worth are all showing that they have gotten worse since 2008. Looking at Patton Fuller liquidity we can determine that they are unable to cover their short term debt, due to current ratios, current assets compared to the current liabilities that decreased putting them in financial trouble. Patton Fuller shows that ââ¬Å"The dayââ¬â¢s cash on handâ⬠has decreased it are determined that the company has less money available to pay daily operation debts. It also looks as if they are using their assets to generate income. As of 2009 the profit was much higher than for Patton Fuller than as of 2008. Patton Fuller as they have grouped expenses throughout different categories and departments it allows them to control the revenue and total expenses of the organization. It will also allow Patton Fuller to control expired and unexpired costs. As we know it is very important to keep track of all inflow and outflow of cash coming in and out of any organization. Conclusion The annual reporting of financial statement review of Patton-Fuller community Hospital showed profits and losses for the hospital. Audited and unaudited statements showed losses and profits incurred by the hospital within a two year period. Financial statements are important when reviewing profits and loses for current and previous year? Yes they are, financial statements allows management to review the areas that have fluctuations that negative affect the organization. References Baker, J. J., & Baker, R. W. (2011). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers. 3rd.ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett publishers. Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. (2006). Retrieved June 8, 2014, from Virtual Organizations Portal
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Poem Analysis Heaven, And Bryan Thao Worra s Poem ``...
In this literary analysis it is essential to compare and contrast Cathy Songââ¬â¢s poem ââ¬Å"Heavenâ⬠and Bryan Thao Worraââ¬â¢s poem ââ¬Å"Pen/Swordâ⬠to give the reader a better understanding of what the authorsââ¬â¢ are conveying to their readers. The similarities in the style, word choice, and theme will be compared, along with the differences of style, word choice, and theme reflected throughout each poem. Furthermore, I will determine the meaning behind the broken up and/or the way the lines of each poem while describing why the lines are strategically placed throughout the pieces. This will allow me to identify the meaning that the authorsââ¬â¢ are explaining to the reader. Each poet specifically writes to give the reader(s) a picture of what they are feeling and defining their emotion through their writing. Discussion Baym et al.ââ¬â¢s (2012) gives us a poets writing that is entitled ââ¬Å"Heaven.â⬠Cathy Song is an Asian American poet who is the speaker in this first person poem. Song exemplifies the romantic spirit by evoking reminiscence and separation. In the poem, a woman who is disconnected from her Chinese heritage longs for her familial homeland that she has never seen. She is amused by her sonââ¬â¢s notion that when we die weââ¬â¢ll go to China. She expresses her disbelief of where she currently resides but wants to imagine that she is in China where her ancestors are from. This is seen in lines 12-15: Iââ¬â¢ve never seen it. Itââ¬â¢s as if I canââ¬â¢t sing that far. But lookââ¬â on the map, this black
Thursday, December 26, 2019
The Importance Of A Teacher With A Student - 1314 Words
I was fortunate to be working with a student willing and eager to learn new skills. She gave her consent to take part in the teaching session, however in keeping with NMC (2008) guidelines I respect the importance to protect her anonymity when disclosing information to a third party. With this in mind I will refer to her throughout the assignment as ââ¬ËAnnââ¬â¢. During our initial meeting Ann appeared extremely enthusiastic to learn, and despite having just entering the third year of her training, she seemed knowledgeable in many significant areas of nursing. Annââ¬â¢s enthusiasm had a direct impact on my desires to become a good mentor. Welsh and Swann (2002) have drawn on the importance of this meeting, arguing that it provides the teacher with a background knowledge of the studentââ¬â¢s current level of understanding and allows them to appreciate studentââ¬â¢s learning style before planning how and what to teach. If a teaching session is to be entirely facilitativ e, this meeting can be used to determine specific learning outcomes related to the topic as identified by Neary (2000). A learning outcome, as defined by Neary (2000), is what a student should know, understand and be able to do following a period of learning. Hinchliff (1999) suggests that learning outcomes should be ââ¬ËSMARTââ¬â¢. This stands for: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timed. I quite like this style and used it for developing learning objectives for my teaching session. When complying ideas for the teachingShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of A Teacher Student Relationship778 Words à |à 4 PagesEach fall, both teachers and students look expectantly toward the new year as a time of excitement and optimism. Will I be able to help my students learn as much as they can as fast as they can? Will the teacher like me? Will my students like me? 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