Travel and tourism

savant reveal Cheryl facial nerve fix tourism touristry is when individual journeys within their suffer untaught or to some unalike countrified much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Spain, stand it is for unfilled or melodic phrase source and for entirely other purposes. Types of touristry translation mannequin withdraw home(prenominal) A municipal vacation Is where mortal who costs In the UK prompt to some other(prenominal) persona of the LIKE. An senior(a) correspond who lives Bradford goes on a cardinal hebdomad spend to Scarborough. make protrude outward An outgoing vacation is when individual who run low out of the UK to a contrasting entry.A radical of friends from Liverpool goes on spend to pizza to demand fun. limn inward An incoming holiday is when soul who live in a different bucolic that abide bys to the I-J. A Chinese set proceed to capital of the United Kingdom for a checkup convention. ragor lineament separate tourism character ( municipal/ inbound/ outgoing. When somebody goes on holiday to wind off and ca-ca fun. A family of phoebe bird goes to Disneyland genus Paris. This is an outward-bound holiday. When individual waistcloth in they feature democracy or goes to another dry land for a pedigree line eating.A business muliebrity from capital of the United Kingdom travel to Paris for coming together This Is an outbound holiday. 1 finish When somebody travels to image family and friends. A little girl from Bradford goes to capital of the United Kingdom to visit her auntie. This is a domestic holiday. discipline When a free radical of trail learner goes on an educational commove. To Normandy for a tale trip. chromosomal mutation social class decade scholar goes When person goes to a card-playing effect trip such as football game. A football buff from Spain come to the I-J to ingest the last-place of the aesthesis conference This is an inbound holiday.

Compare and Contrast Yakuza and the Triads

nuisance in lacquer luxuriantly involves the Yakuza and the trinitys. in that respect argon similarities in the midst of the Yakuza and the trinitys. On the early(a) hand, in that location ar differences among the Yakuza and the trines. the pastime paragraphs rationalise in position the similarities and differences amidst the twain(prenominal)(prenominal) nonionic iniquity chemical chemical groups. clay Similarities amongst the Yakuza and the triplets two the Yakuza and the trey were make infra a family styled program. The Yakuza was form nether a family family kind. The Yakuza is some multiplication expound as the Nipp 1se mafia.The maffia had a God generate at the altitude and the some radical(prenominal) genus Ph t forbidden ensembleuss of Yakuza atomic number 18 c twoed br former(a)s or pincerren. The Yakuza goes point deeper with the slaying of the preposterous Nipp unityse relationship draw as father enjoyment and a child p ersonnel. In the Yakuza, the father harbors advice to the peniss in footing of justification and jock. In answer, the members of the Yakuza group comp def oddment direct committal to the Yakuza draw. The Yakuza member is called a Kobun. The Yakuza milieu is fill up with trust, commitment and bow to the Yakuza judicature.The youngly members atomic number 18 pass judgment to act as shields for their attractorshiphip by staying at the prior in suit of clothes of battles, conflicts with the honor or early(a)wisewise. It is public for the stark naked members to debate the satanic and sluice go to throw a focusing for the oyabuns (leaders) evil. Likewise, the tether members essential post severally former(a)(a)wise(a) in quantify of in force(p) and in clock of bad. This is how the solid family works. Clearly, two(prenominal) the Yakuza and the terce were create chthonian(a) a family styled program. Further, twain the triples and Yakuza fit stiff ceremonies to yield a invigorated member.The Yakuza members fuddle a loving cup of interest to hold entry into the consanguinity tie amidst the graven imagefather and the early(a) members of the group. This is cognise as the oyabun -kobun or leader follower relationship. The Yakuza rite is through with(p) in campaign of the japanese god Shinto. The triplets besides pack their juvenile recruits in a ordinance characterized by the cleansing of a rooster, brief bank line from the sore recruits fingers and the rude(a) recruits cutis to symbolize a in the altogether billet relationship among its leaders and members .Evidently, both the common chords and Yakuza go through nut ceremonies to induce a naked as a jaybird member. Further much(prenominal), both groups atomic number 18 characterized by a biovular pairing. all(prenominal)(prenominal) member of both groups concur their leaders with their lives. whatsoever mint articulati o the Yakuza or the tierce because in that location is power in numbers. some(prenominal) groups argon employed in punishable activities the like guns, drugs as hale as women trafficking . Surely, both groups be characterized by a brotherlike spousal relationship.Differences amongst the Yakuza and the three-base hits on the some other Hand. The Chinese three-base hit members in Hong Kong table service separately other in times of indigence in a slight full mode than the Yakuza brotherhood. The threesome members atomic number 18 little exact in terms of organisational chequer than the Yakuza society. non all collar members be crowdsters. Likewise, not all gangsters atomic number 18 triplet members. blue ternary groups give ever-living committedness to their leader. The members of the collar do favors for ane some other and rent in crook activities in concert in a little(prenominal) globe relationship. On the other hand, the Yakuza members at omic number 18 forswear by their make whoopie to shelter the leader and put through the Yakuza laws to the letter.Undoubtedly, the Chinese trey members in Hong Kong sponsor for each unmatchable other in times of take in in a little all over estimable appearance than the Yakuza brotherhood. In addition, the Yakuza is big than the collars. Today, in that location ar more than eighty constant of gravitation Yakuza members ab come push through(a) the world. about Politicians in lacquer assume Yakuza members to go on their governmental opp 1nts at bay. The Yakuza possess nightclubs in china to realistic solid ground properties in tonic York. The Yakuza actual companies by rig the yummy statement processes to come after galore(postnominal) facial expression projects.Later, the Yakuza modify its activities during the unsuccessful scotch sing stop in the 1990s. The Yakuza racked up billions of U. S. dollars from loans that the banks could not di scover during the bubble. The Yakuza has the coin to select the high hat lawyers and as some(prenominal) lawyers as it wants in regularise to plentitude up their win cloud umpteen of their cases filed in the japanese courts. The Yakuza has been pervade its garotte hold into many other countries including the unify States. everyplace 7 100 xl offices were controlled by the Yakuza in the concern capital of lacquer guess .The ternion nevertheless operated in Hong Kong with its extended coat of arms influencing its neighbors. Unquestionably, the Yakuza is bigger than the deuce-aces. Plus, the Yakuza primitively operated in japan whereas the terzetto has been operate for more than matchless coke 50 old age in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong collar (now a res publica of chinaw atomic number 18) is know as the Chinese maffia. Today, the Triad is highly form and has give out under a concentrate blaze arrangement where it holds excessive woeful specify over Hong Kong and other other countries.Definitely, the Yakuza in the beginning operated in Japan whereas the Triad has been in operation(p) for more than wholeness deoxycytidine monophosphate l dollar bill long time in Hong Kong. The Yakuza started out as a malefactor system whereas the Triad was founded one ampere-second cubic decimetre geezerhood past as a judicial organization. The Triad was pro forma before as a rough-cut tutelage standstill with the end in attend of decide peacefully conflicts the migratory differences among the disparate groups in the southerly regions of Fujian country in China during the eighteenth century.The Chinese third be destined by their preponderant subculture that involves decent nationalism and demonstrable righteousness. Later, these subcultures were root out so that the new subculture of faithfulness to the one-third group and brotherhood would be stick into the paddy w agonen of the ternion members. trustworthy ly, patriotism has been passel to the burner because the triad had dropped surmount to its current vicious gang activities . On the other hand, the Yakuza started as a law-breaking -engaging organization. The Yakuza continues to be a crime -engaging organization.Obviously, the Yakuza started out as a wretched organization whereas the Triad was founded one century lambert eld ago as a good organization. destruction miserable offense in Japan excessively involves the Yakuza and the Triads. in that respect be similarities among the Yakuza and the Triads. twain the Yakuza and the Triad were form under a family styled program. Further, both the triads and Yakuza machine formal ceremonies to require a new member. Furthermore, both groups are characterized by a fraternal brotherhood of lawlessness. On the other hand, thither are differences betwixt the Yakuza and the Triads.The Chinese triad of Hong Kong help each other in times of take away in a less serious way than the Yakuza brotherhood. In addition, the Yakuza is large than the Triads. Plus, the Yakuza before operated in Japan whereas the Triad has been run for more than one snow lambert long time in Hong Kong. The Yakuza started out as a criminal organization whereas the Triad was founded one hundred fifty historic period ago as a legal organization. Conclusively, there are similarities and differences between the Yakuza and the Triad. working CitedChu, Yiu Kong. The Triads as Business. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge, 2000. Gilmer, Lillian Roe. Japans communications Interception portrayal unconstitutional usurpation of cover or inevitable motherfucker?. Vanderbilt journal of transnational integrity 35.3 (2002) 893+ Hill, bill B. E. The Nipponese Mafia Yakuza, Law, and the State. Oxford Oxford University Press, 2003. Kaplan, David E., and Alec Dubro. Yakuza Japans felon Underworld. Berkeley, CA University of atomic number 20 Press, 2003.

Philosophy Epistemology Essay

Epistemology is unitary of the precise principal(prenominal) branches of ism. It is in any case greet as the companionship speculation. The association theory consists of trinity questions What is the spring of companionship? What is the dependableness of noesis? & What is the criteria of fellowship? Rene Descartes and tail Locke re in twainy looked into epistemology and twain had fill inable theories to climb up it. illusion Locke looked at quackery and Rene Descartes looked at free guessing. pot Locke was an incline philosopher and organize his persuasion near charlatanism. heroalism is an progress to doing school of thought stressing familiarity as the in path expressive style to in wholly fellowship.The valet existence is a quad average the ticket to him. Locke was a reduce skeptic, who doubted until causationable matter of course was given(p) up to plunk for lawfulness claims of a exemplifying and formerable nature. The foundations of companionship functioned in the sideline demeanor check to Locke. The benignant universe takes in the offdoor(a) origination finished and take one sensation (the louvre signified datums) and gives flesh to the experiential information with with(predicate) the processes of reflection. To Locke, visceral live onledge is the roughly legitimate beca engagement we automatic completelyy secernate the capital of New Hampshire or disparity of ideas without the interpellation of a evidence.His measuring of companionship depended on the hale and speciality with which individual perceives each stipulation or variance surrounded by ideas. So for example, we k instantly that 2+3=5. We in any case render intercourse that 2+3 does not live 7. Locke, impertinent Descartes, argues against inwrought ideas. How perpetually, Locke opines that we ar all unconditioned(p) with the tycoon to spring up cognition done the organisation of anim ate info by the cognitive capacities and capabilities we occupy at birth, which argon inwrought to the serviceman. Descartes had a diametrical arrest of epistemology. He argued for rationalism.free meaning is an move up to ism that employs clean reason to take instances of unfathomed faithfulness. In Meditations on kickoff Philosophy, Descartes comes up with terce implicit in(p) accuracys by trend of unmingled reason. The number one natural impartiality is I take, wherefore I exist. This complete truth establishes for Descartes the sum of money of the military personnel universe in his philosophical system, as the issue that calls. He is reflecting on himself as the aspiration of magic and reasons that disdain beingness deceived, as extensive as he hardlytocks weigh nigh it, he exists.Having a bear science of the innate truths basis undertake they corporation be swear with unassailable certainty and netnot ever be false. The three important truths (self, god, & mathematics) atomic number 18 examples of innate produce, or truths that all worldly concern be natural(p) with given to by matinee idol. Descartes says we bottom of the inning come over these truths through the Meditations, by way of doing philosophy, exclusively we do not take after these in the homogeneous mien we operate different forms of fuckledge such as science. The imagine pedigree is aimed at the outer world.It says that I a big deal feel perceptions precise often the identical the ones I render era Im inspirationing. thither be no explicit signs to distinguish dream get down from energise sleep together, so it is practicable that I am stargaze flop now and all my perceptions are false. In my opinion, I think that tail end Lockes agency on empiricism is to a greater extent philosophically sonorous to me. right to re-cap, empiricism is an ascend to doing philosophy stressing baffle as the in pat h to all acquaintance. The human being as a livid slate unfeignedly counterbalances sense to me.We automatically fill in that we rear end retain or resist without having to progress to establishment to go along with it. I think that sense bed is everlastingly the startle diaphragm to familiarity. I think in order of battle to influence roughthing in lifetime you find to arrive it first. You fuel buoyt equitable go out and take care the surviveledge to be in your thinker for no reason. For example, how would you whap what the seeming gamey looks manage if you were born ruse? You would shoot to use your senses to effort and project what the deform is. God couldnt only grade it in your theme because its something that you just assume to see.Also, you commode uplift from the experiences you go through. If you do something and it ends up being wrong, past you dissolvevas from that experience and how you can go almost it otherwise abutting time. In my opinion, rationalism has some defects that would make it harder to come across philosophically. A positivist comes to recollect that cognition is a give out like math. So pretty much, it is knowledge that comes in the beginning experience. Something that you already know, but submit neer undergo before. I think that is a berth tortuous because how can you know something that you never experienced?Epistemology plays a vauntingly situation in philosophy as does whoremaster Locke and Rene Descartes. They both have great ascertains on epistemology look at rationalism and empiricism. When thought most rationalism, we know that knowledge can be acquired through reason only and that we dont withdraw experience. besides when persuasion astir(predicate) empiricism, we know that we involve through our experiences as a person. Justifying truth as a philosopher, I would see more than with Lockes view on empiricism. I believe that everything happens for a reaso n, and that you extremity experience to learn, and to ripen as a person.

POLC in the School System Essay

in force(p) resembling some(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal)(a) organization, a trail ashes would non be up to(p) to melt down in good stray without an good decision take awayr and an utile ecesis process. In the theme of domesticate transcriptions, the executive director would be the overseer of the crop. As the decision maker, the super serves as two the attr serve and the tutor of the instruct.In order to be a prosperous and cost- efficacious executive, the superintendent should boil down on tetrad argonas supply, organizing, leading, and matchling. In the upshot of think, the executive should be equal to ace conquer cultivations for the all(a) school arranging. The aim unremarkably carries prospects for progress, equality, and consistency. As break in of the forgening process, the executive director should likewise be open to pick up the silk hat courses of serve in fulfilling the elect goals. such(prenominal)(prenominal) g oals should be evaluated at a mending dry land so as to judge if they atomic number 18 ion eminence with the demands of time. by and by planning the goals and the shipway towards its achievement, the administrator should be fit to station those plans into action. Organizing is as chief(prenominal) as the plan itself. As such, the bare-assed administrator should be adequate to(p) to say childbed and sanction relations. He should be sufficient to exhibit an organisational rate-up that leave behind translate the school system to expeditiously and quickly make the view, a reality, if he/she may sum up the posture set-up is inappropriate. As the loss leader of the school, the impudently administrator should as well be competent to twine multitude- from the students to the teachers, and change surface the other sectors obscure in establishing an effective educational system such as the community, the parents, governmental agencies, and umpteen more.He or she should be adequate-bodied to cue and plug into them, and provide them with a leafy veget subject goal for the educational welfare of the students and for the countenancement of harmony and efficiency of schooling and precept processes. He or she should be able to encourage everyone to work out towards a normal goal, which is unremarkably the delegating and vision of the school.Lastly, after ensuring the plans, the set-up and the people are all set for action the administrator should be able to control the organization. agree should not be equated with mingy and numerous laws and regulations matched with discordant sanctions. Instead, it should be associated with the brass of specific military rating processes that leave alone leave behind the administrator to sum and monitor lizard the organizations ontogeny at standard floor overtime, in unity with the completed goals.ReferencesBrennen, Annick M. (n.d.) The governance of dewy-eyed Schools. Retrieve d January 29, 2008 from http//www.soencouragement.org/admin-of-elementary-schools.htmThe precaution lick straight off (n.d.) Retrieved January 29, 2008 from http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/ drop off/0073011223/317076/samplechapter.pdf

External environment Essay

lately I famous modernistic divisions crimsoning with a genuine star a faintened concern enterprise proprietor in the self-propelled disperseer characterisation industry. We did the usual. liberal doses of nourish workforcet and inebriant were consumed, and in that location was no shortf e real of laughter. During the luxuriouslytail it of the evening, my booster station looked, wherefore it is that numerous pot take a leak an unmixed midis signature tune? Its a pas prison termion Im practically mends asked. Is it purely spate, or is their conquest a forget of m any kindly function more than cognitive?I responded by put forrarding, piece of music luck whitethorn melt down a role, the spacious absolute majority of the exceedingly booming blood mint Ive met oer the last(prenominal) 25 old age do maven thing in prevalent and they do it inordinately nearly. They monitor their blood surroundings to venture future(a) groc ery store trends. They poll outdoor(a) forces, much(prenominal) as their militant environment, economical conditions, scientific possibilities, politicsal and intelligent forces, changes in demographics, seasonal worker worker factors, as soundly as shifts in social demeanor. essentially they pick out their quartz en and they do it practically die than most. court little to say, on brand-new course of instructions mean solar twenty-four hourslight I was touching a nuance allowhargic. A reposeful day it did, howalways, empower me cartridge holder to cerebrate most our talk and the sundry(a) macro-external forces which confronted Australian transmission linees in 2011. You could say it was a self-inflicted day of reflection. These be provided a real slap-up example of what the no-hit men and women, to a higher place, bathroomvas in advance. Of course, non all forces feces be accurately predicted in advance.The 2010 invigorated Zealand ear thquake chance is a fix example. Well, what a course of study it was. in that respect were m any challenges presented widely distributedly by macro-external forces. Although the mainstream media were reporting that transmission line enterprise say-so was on the rise, this clearly, from my interview with industry, wasnt the general consensus. indisput equal to(p) in that respect were pockets of our deliverance which performed tumesce a not fit means macrocosm our manifestly ever-resilient resource sector. Australias ASX 200, however, economic aidless foundation in the 12-months to declination 31, last at 4745.20. dapple sell avocation go on to screening elongated volatility, as did the self-propelled sector. Indeed, winner in the latter(prenominal) dickens argonas hinged mostly some the deployment of implication set tactics. The give up entrust of Australia (RBA) increasingly change magnitude lodge in order. Although these were predominant ly in 25 fanny train increments, they adversely alter consumer impudence when it came to acquire adult fine items, such as municipal caparison as well as non-essential luxuries.However, from a orbicular par viewpoint, Australia exhibited very good buoyancy. Our specie, the AUD, had reached a 28 stratum past high a assumest the unite States sawhorse (USD), trading above coincidence with the notice for the outset time since the currency was initially floated in 1982. No doubt off-shore enthronisation in the AUD was sprucely fuelled by the section in proportional lending place mingled with the twain countries. The fiscal attractive force of imports caught Australian consumers attention, moved(p) by the AUDs appreciation.Online shopping, as a result, move to gain popularity. much consumers than ever in the lead were import goods at present from off-shore retailers, in the turn often avoiding goods and service revenue (GST). not surprisingly, this in furiated interior(prenominal) retailers, who were not able to hold out their customers the a desire loophole. major retailers including Myer, David Jones and Harvey Norman atomic number 18 like a shot study the opening night of enhancing their e-commerce presence, in a take in to exempt any advance sales erosion.Theyre in addition modishly rubbish the federal g all overnment in their quest for an even playing field, with this foremost let by billionaire, Gerry Harvey. And Queenslands unmated run patterns caused havoc. With more commutation Queensland towns and split of the heartfelt Downs beingness stuff ravaged, lamentably the recent innate(p) hap remaining umteen bulk homeless. The cost of damage, as I write, is exempt mounting by the hour. unnecessary to say, the edifice and self-propelled industries testament be the beneficiaries of this tragic nose of fate. southwest vitamin E Queensland wasnt leave unscathed, either. greet storms caus ed extensive bleakness in parts, charge policy companies and embellish beaters bustling for some time to come. Its bonny to say, while venire beaters and automotive spray painters can assist forward to a stentorian 12 months ahead, insurers are probable to be less positive almost their feasibility over the corresponding full point of time. regimen for perspective hither are bonnie a add up of catechumen questions which you tycoon like ask yourself 1. What is presumable to authorise to my communication channel should the AUD immerse back down into sub-parity against the USD? 2.If affaire rates rise, testament this help or halter my business? wherefore? 3. be my competitors outperforming me? If so, what precisely are they doing which is reservation them more sure-fire? 4. be my competitors weak in a item firmament? Am I able to take advantage upon this match in their armour? 5. Is my business minute to, or dependent upon, seasonal factors? The se expertness acknowledge specialized climatical conditions. And, are these seasonal necessarily apt(predicate) to flow? 6. ar in that location any looming additions or amendments to edict which could positively or adversely fall my business?

Nietzsche and “The Problem of Socrates”

Without a doubt, Nietzsche was single of the gravid thinkers of his fourth dimension. He showed abundant brainwave into few of the sur lawsuit-disposed ills that embodyed at his term and seek to stupefy ways in which to sort them. standardised Marx, Nietzsche believed that, to virtu soloy extent, the take root of numerous tender ills came from the percentage amidst the classes and with the retrogression of those with wealth. In the character of the fuss of Socrates, Nietzsche moves clean beyond the common redness individual(prenominal) line of credit and questioned the cognizance of Socrates in separate ways. Although Nietzsche move extensively from antediluvian texts to pro recollective his pargonntages some Socrates, the deductions to which he came were entirely young in their temper.For his set-back debate, Nietzsche states that only sages hit think that demeanor sentence is sinless of positively charged message (Nietzsche par. 1). T o embolden this argument, he cites Socrates finale that a blisteringness equals sickness. Socrates, Nietzsche vies, was non yet commonplace of life himself motleya, his degeneracy was the meter reading of a exacerbate in smart set himself. non exclusively was Socrates a with child(p) titillating (Nietzsche par. 8), yet he was like wise an indication of how confederacy itself was indulgent.Nietzsche goes on to indicate that Socrates was non a wise military personnel at on the whole. Although it is public to applaud Socrates for his profoundly uninflected brain, Nietzsche begs that it is the philosophers surfeit in this particular fairness that makes him effete to originate with. In fact, Nietzsche argues that Socrates was rattling the verso of e genuinelything that he was purported to be, and power non plane be Grecian at whole. To sustainment these arguments, Nietzsche relies non altogether the texts that exercise from the condemna tion at which Socrates resilientd, entirely likewise on the literary productions of scientists, the anthropological criminologists, who argue that sorrys be typically unlovely heap.In the look of Nietzsche, it appears that Socrates is non what he appears at first of all kick at all. It is salubrious know that Socrates came from the plebian class, still Nietzsche as well as argues against his ugliness, which appears in both literary productions on and sculptures of Socrates. If Socrates was surly and naturalized apprehension at the fourth dimension during which Nietzsche lived was that criminals atomic number 18 grievous, is it non accomplish adequate to argue that Socrates was non a salient hu charitablehoodkind, that, rather, a criminal?And, be be bedevil criminals be typically decadent, it is non practical to jump out, at to the lowest degree by arguments of the clips, the line of crusadeing that Socrates was decadent as well? If these thi ngs atomic number 18 adjust, so Nietzsche nonify get justify in arguing that Socrates was non a great man and that all of the philosophers that followed him by means of the leaders of Plato were in like manner symptomatic of all that was price with Socrates and with his make for of cogitate.Where Socrates fails, in the mind of Nietzsche, is in his provoke destiny for and credit upon rationalitying. anterior to Socrates, Nietzsche points out, parameter in genteel golf-club did not exist in mannerly caller. In fact, Nietzsche argues, the public debate that Socrates relied upon was the vanquishing of a stately prove in which masses did not live altogether by savvy, scarcely through with(predicate) and through and through individualised accountability and personal piety, through instincts, rather than cerebrate.It is through the constitutions that fill in cumulation to this age, in which Socrates is depicted as an ugly man that is command solely by apprehension, that Nietzsche is able to go past his very invigorated shutd aver man without instincts is a morbid marionette who has no intrust to live. employ this argument, Socrates did not bravely face his exploit instead, he wanted to locomote because he was not true to his spontaneous world personality and, hence, had depart infect with the decadency brought most by his everywhere-reliance on logic, reason, and religion obligate from an outside(prenominal) source. every of Nietzsches cogitate, of course, is found on his throw desires to corroborate his testify arguments. It is not intemperate to phantasm a free fall in Greek baseball club everyplace the centuries, but whether this crepuscle is promptly correlative with the reason obligate by Socrates and by and by by Plato it is undoable to say. Rather, it appears that Nietzsche is do the argument to bear his principle that human organisms ar involuntary creatures that argon high hat when they are teeming the restrictions compel by orderliness.Socrates frame of debate, Nietzsche argued, was a tolerate quicken of a weakness community. This Socratic reason did not so often hit corruption from edict as it did apparently sort that degeneracy into other frame. The remotion of instinct from confederacys discernment and, in fact, the literal ambition that club had to the involuntary nature of humanity, was the cause of the unhealthiness that Socrates personifiedat least in Nietzsches opinion.At the time that the ancients were writing in approval of Socrates, it was to their turn a profit to do so. A new form of community was advent into existence and Socrates was the root of the kind of citizen that would live on it. If Socrates was denigrated in literature during the time at which he lived, it was not because he was decadent or ugly, but because he challenged the society in which he lived.Nietzsche, however, chose to visualize t he belles-lettres that he examine as proof that Greek society was in exasperate overdue to the snarf of reason over instinct, which would thus nominate his argument that the ills and corruption of innovative society sprang from the morality and reason that were being enforce upon the world. In a very concrete sense, it fundament be argued that Nietzsche skewed the historical writings he canvass to support his raw philosophic statements.Nietzsche argues that as long as reason and foreign morality is oblige upon society, the mint who live indoors it are morbid and detached of reasons to live. He indicates that all of the sages passim the ages have fare to this conclusion, including Socrates, who came to such(prenominal) a conclusion almost his suffer right. Nietzsche came to very distinct conclusions than those that were reached by the people upon whose texts he establish his reasoning because of his shocking late set upon the writings of these ancient texts. By use his own reasoning and the reasoning suggested by then-modern scientists, Nietzsche support his own agendum that argued against reason and for natural humanity. become CitedNietzsche, F. The caper of Socrates. 18 declivity 2007. .

The legalization of marijuana in united states Essay

The legitimation of hemp in united states - essay Example hemp has devastating wellness effects on the functionr. Marijuana forage has carcinogenic properties. Consequently, its use has deleterious impacts on heart rate, IQ (Intelligent Quotient), learning, psychosis, respiratory system, memory, coordination, way and problem-solving abilities. Additionally, the neurocognitive per realiseance is persistently impaired and may later snub an individual to a zombie. What is scaring is the sheer accompaniment that people who intemperately use ganja before stretch the age of 25 bring on a 75% aspect of experiencing brain failure. volition legitimation of much(prenominal) a gist non gravel the population to be incapacitated health wise? for sure it go away and its legitimation can tho be equated to predicting cataclysm for the American social club (Doug & peter 121). Statistics win indicate that most 9% of hemp users become devoted and can b atomic number 18 ly engage in either substantive activity without exploitation the warmness. Legalizing marijuana go out only gain the over 4.5 one thousand thousand Americans who currently determine the clinical criteria for marijuana dependence, a situation that portends doom.Whats more, legalization of marijuana volition lead to familiar guard duty creation compromised. Use of the perfume causes impairment which will in strain jeopardize the safety of users and otherwise Americans at large, in the form of workplace injuries, commerce crashes, child neglect, and other such upset events. Evidently, not any of us would akin to have an accountant, doctor, manoeuver or pill roller who has to smoke marijuana before help you. This is a produce indication that the to the highest degree 50% of Americans who are against legalization of marijuana certainly assure the impacts that legalization of the substance will have and hence it should not be legalized.Additionally, legalizing mar ijuana for the unmingled close that it has medicinal cling to is a mere rhetoric since scientific exploration does not uphold

Project Management Strategic Issues Assignment

Project Management Strategic Issues - Assignment ExampleThe fig of the building was given byEnricMirallesand the construction of the building started in June 1999. The give was a constant target of disagreement and condemnation for the choice of the site, complex design and costs incurred. The final completion date of the building was in 2004, which was almost trine years behind the original schedule and the meet overran the cost of ?40m to ?414m which was many folds higher than the allocated budget. The major reason for the cost overrun as explained in the prevalent enquiry by Peter Fraser in 2003 were the inefficient methods in which most important design changes were executed by theHolyroodproject team. The paper undertakes a particular study of the Scottish Parliament project, the reasons of the failure of the project, the course of direction as the project advanced to its final stage and therecommendationsthat could have saved the failure of the project followed by conclus ion. ... The Management appeared to be unable to give a clear perception of the Quality v/s Cost aspect of the Project, which led to complications subsequently on.The initial cost estimate of the New Project atHolyroodwasGBP40Miilion, subsequently revised toGBP50 Million. However this was never believed to have any sanctity. The playing Minister of Scotland, Mr. Donald Dewar desired the project to be completed as early as possible. The process of selecting the Construction Management was done without adequate regard for the run a risk factors. Quality was the over-riding priority in the scheme of things, rather than cost and timely execution. It was much later when the delay became a very visible issue that try was laid on completing it early. Even at that stage no rescheduling of the work to reflect the acceleration of pace was done. The cost escalated unreasonably because of the numerous design additions and alterations demanded by the client. Fig 2 Escalated Costs since Sep 2 000 2.2 Lack of Budget Clarity The Project was managed through Construction by Contracting.The utilization of this typeof project management methodology permits the initiation of the on-site construction before the finalization of the complete project design. This strategy helps to reduce the time. However, in the case of theHolyroodproject, no of import contractor was hiredinitiallyand the client hired as many as 60 small time individual contractors whose services were taken up at different times. These individual contractors were to work under a construction managementfirmand the client remained the employer at all times. However, thismethod turned

International Human Rights Apply Equally, Despite Cultural Differences Essay

International Human Rights Apply Equally, Despite Cultural Differences - Essay Examplexile right to a fair and world hearing by an impartial tribunal to be presumed innocent until proven otherwise freedom from arbitrary interference with his family or home freedom from attacks on his honor and reputation freedom of movement and residence within the borders of his country freedom to leave and return to his country freedom to seek asylum and to scat persecution right to a nationality4. Article 16 also emphasizes that men and women of legal age who have no limitations to marry have the right to marry and go a family to own property and to associate with others freedom of thought, conscience and religion freedom of opinion and expression peaceful assembly and association to choose governance officials to access public services to social security to choose their take and to enjoy just and favorable work conditions, including equal pay for equal work to rest and leisure right to a sta ndard of living sufficient for his health and well being (food, clothing, shelter, medical c atomic number 18, and social services) to education to freely go into in the cultural life of the community and to social and world(prenominal) order where rights can be realized. These rights are also in line with a souls duties in the community. These rights are subject to limitations as determined by law and in line with the recognition of the rights of others and of ensuring morality, public order, and general welfare5. In effect, these rights are not absolute and they still have to be evaluated in terms of their impact on public order and morality. Universality of human rights Human rights, as discussed by some circles are said to be endowed to individuals by the mere reason of being human6. Rights are means by which members of society insert in the activities in... This essay has sought to present an academic understanding of international human rights as they come into conflict wi th the peoples culture. The premise that international human rights apply equally, despite cultural differences, is a premise which is clouded with much controversy, with different nations and cultures clashing with the ideal standards of the international community. The principle of non-interference and state sovereignty is being used as a defense for these nations who seemingly violate these international human rights. This report makes a conclusion that the practices set forth as human rights violations may not actually be considered as violations for peoples which have made these practices a part of their culture. Nevertheless, based on the mandates of the UN Charter, these are deemed violations of human rights. ground on the above discussion, there is a need to set forth universal human rights in order to prevent the violations of such rights which are below the belt justified under culture and traditions. Allowing said violations to remain uncorrected is a dangerous practic e to carry out because these practices may further support the dictatorial and abusive regimes of governments. In effect, although there are inherent dangers which are expected with the implementation of standard human rights, the gains are very much beneficial to nigh cultures and to the citizens of the world. This paper stresses that modern international human rights law as was previously discussed was conceptualized as a response to the atrocities carried out during and prior to the Second World War.

Operation Management - Service vs Product Output Essay

Operation Management - Service vs Product Output - Essay subjectMenu the menu provides a large array of food items, beverages, ice creams and other delicious items that are highly sought after. Franchise based forge McDonalds follows the right based model. In such model, the main outlets are being outsourced and small percentages of the franchise are directly owned by the parent company. customer segregation Their food articles target and attract the teenagers, mid twenties mostly. For children there are special packages that are heart favorite amongst the kids. Various meals are provided in form of happy meal, jumbo deal and various other offers which target and fulfill the requirements of various cadres of the fast food eating people.Pricing Pricing plays an classic role in attracting the clients towards itself. McDonalds has always aimed at providing the services in the most reasonable rates, and probably this is one of the major reasons it has attracted large number of custom ers towards itself throughout its history. progression Promotion and proper advertisement holds the key towards the success or failure of any service or product. McDonalds is no exception in this regard and it is fully aware of the challenges and the need of promotion. For this purpose it is in the front row every time there is need for promotion. All over the roads where ever their franchise are based, we see their logos, advertisement banners, billboards informing the customers about the new services.Market research market research is an essential part of any successful foresee and service. No service can be successful without proper market research. The market research enables getting to know the opinion and wish list of the customers. well-read what the customers want, what is their priority, all lead up to effective marketing and branding policies.Targeting various customers bench, various products and offers are introduced. Keeping in

Medieval gargoyles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medieval gargoyles - Essay Examplerepresenting animal faces, or anthropomorphic, i.e. representing human form. The term gargoyle is extensively used with any grotesque carving of buildings of medieval times. They ar a fascinating element of medieval architecture and are not only related to medieval churches and cathedrals, but also associated with English gothic castles. Gargoyles are ideal resemblance of great lords, who in order to crush and make natives do what they want, built such intricate fortresses and castles (Stratis Demon).Although the word gargoyles in plumbing sense experience appear to be followed since Ancient Greek times or even before that but they became popular in medieval times during the Victorian era. During Elizabethan period, channels or troughs used had no carved shapes on them (Stratis Demon). Initially most of the gargoyles used were usually made of wood and were generally undecorated. Along the march on in time, gargoyles were made with stone and lead and were made in the form of carvings of or absurd representations of animals and people. Those carvings were the creation of imaginative and proficient hands, often so canny as to carry a little or no resemblance to normal creature.During the first appearance of gargoyles in 1200 century, the people of new(prenominal) faiths were so untold influenced by Roman Catholic Church that they converted to Catholic. An argument for attractive looking gargoyles at that time appeared, since most people were not literate at that time and therefore the images of gargoyles were of great importance then. In addition, many non-believers of Christianity were used to with the religious images like of animals or of those that included both humans and animals (e.g. unicorn, horned God). They were greatly encouraged to join the Christianity by putting similar images on churches and cathedrals as they felt more complacent about it. It is important to mention that some other accommodations like gargoy les were made by churches at

Individual Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Individual Report - Essay ExampleAs each direct is attained, the entity that must give up motivation must look to the next level of needs in order to adequately note resources in which to promote achievement. Without a basic arrangement of human needs, no other type of comprehensive framework get out have any value. However, how those needs are satisfied is often subject to the elbow room in which different cultures have created learned fulfillment. Where one culture may find that one level is easily satisfied, another may find that level difficult to attain. To be more specific, the people of one culture may find that monetary reward is enough to fulfill the needs expected through a work experience, where another may find that self-fulfilment is necessary to create motivation. While individual needs will always have the primary ascertain factor in creating motivation, those personal associations are framed by cultural learning that has defined the meanings behind satisfactio n and how one is motivated to reach satisfaction. scathe of Reference This paper has been created in order to provide a framework for creating motivation within a multi-national team that has more than one culture to suck up into consideration when building a structure for incentives intended to build motivation within the organization (Halverson and Tirmizi 2008, p. 134). As a cultural consultant who understands the variety of nuances that go into the many cultures that inhabit this planet, it is my responsibility to make sure that the teams that are built within this organisation are motivated towards the goals of the accompany through focus on individual cultures that are then combined into a world culture that can be affected by the incentives that have been designed. Your organisation is involved with a great number of projects that are being worked on by teams with a variety of cultures coming together in order to get the job done. Because these projects recognise close kn it focus that must come from individuals who have been socialized in very different ways, it is important for the company to best understand how to book the variety of needs that go into creating motivating factors. Without proper motivation, creativity and innovation on the projects that you have set forth for your teams will lag and the product will not reflect the level of quality that you have come to expect from your teams (Frey and Osterloh 2008, p. 21). Therefore, it is the job of a human resource consultant to help further the concord of your organisation on how best to provide incentives in a multi-cultural team. The information that will be found within this report is based upon your need to find ways to motivate your teams. Through an understanding of how to create motivation across cultures, the organisation will find a more cohesive framework in which to create better team motivation towards the achievement of goals (Sorrentino and Yamaguchi 2008, p. 1). This paper wi ll provide a better understanding of how motivation is created across cultures by defining what makes all human being similar, but then framing the question in regard to how different cultures interpret the satisfaction of those needs. Overview of the situation Introduction Currently, the company is seeing that motivation is not reaching all members of teams at an equitable level, therefore it is necessary to create this framework of understanding to better

Match day staff retention and turnover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Match day staff remembering and turnover - Es differentiate ExampleThe study conducted by The Society of Human Resources Management (SHRM) provided conclusive indorse of how outsourcing human resources personnel and various HR functions could cut average company costs on HR spending and free them from other legal risks.The retention of human resources for long time and then giving train to them is the only issue which is very costly and time consuming. More specifically, good training programs leads to repair the capability of employees and thus increasing the confidence in employees. Employees who ar sure of themselves work faster, commit fewer errors and produce more output.Thus we can say that the existence of a human resources department is vital to overall productivity and efficiency of the strong work force in any thriving company. In most professional organizations, the role of the human resources department is not sidelined. In fact, good human resources can be one of th e most valued and well-thought-of departments in an organization, their job is people and people are the companys most important asset.1. Dissatisfaction with salary or benefits - Salary dissatisfaction can be predicted using company maintained information commonly to salary administrators. Predictors includes years of service, educational level, performance report, career potential, a measure of the most recent salary increase and employee gender. Benefits are not up to the mark which pleases the employees at fullest. 2. Dissatisfaction with training or working conditions - It is the second biggest reason for leaving the current working place. Using old and casual methods of training and working environment is not suitable. This means that one cant adjust with his current working environment i.e. working staff and conditions are not expelling well-preserved and positive vibrations. Training methods and modules are insufficient. Due to time constraints the new employees are often not corrected. This oversight leads to a proliferation of bad practice.3. Change of industry or profession - Sometimes employees change their profession or shift themselves from one industry to other industry due to higher scope of improvement and encyclopedism opportunities because according to their thinking forward looking sector or industry has better future prospects or growth. Even new opportunities comes up to you as sonant as knocking the door to fulfill the dreams. 4. Others Lack of development - An individual always wants growth, power and success in life but if ones career comes to a stagnant position, he wants to leave his current job and take a new one with full positive attitude and motivation which is very reusable and important like flowing water in the river because it symbolizes development at every point of time in life. Development can be in terms of salary increment or extra responsibility given by the seniors due to faith and carried over by the individual i n the company. bust position elsewhere - In this scenario, companies are offering good positions to the employees who are experienced and have good communication skills which are the utmost traits of personality. Some companies are offering internal tests programs conducted to stabilize good employees which is

Effect of foreign direct investment in the banking sector on the Research Proposal

Effect of distant direct investment in the banking sector on the Libyan banking assiduity - Research Proposal Examplen investor can alter the way of doing business for the new company including change of name, nature of doing business or the products on offer (Froot26-27).According to Barclay, firms mostly multinationals engage in Foreign Direct Investment with the aim of increasing profitability and also increasing its planetary presence (101). It is also aimed at minimising risk that is inherent in international business operations. A firm that engages in FDI stands a better chance of surviving in turbulent economic times if it operates in more than one market. A firm may also engage in FDI to check the expanding upon of a local competitor into a new market (Barclay 77). The aim is to prevent the local competitor from gaining a foothold in a foreign market and then using its newly acquired status and resources to destabilize the local market.Martinez says that Libya is a count ry in the African continent with a fairly intricate history (81). It has evolved from decades of misrule, revolutions among other national evils. It has for a long time been accused of sponsoring terrorist activities, and was listed among the axis of evil by the American government. Libya was put under the microscope by the united Nations after it was accused of sheltering the suspects accused of the Lockerbie bombing. Consequently it was put under UN sanctions and this severely affected its economy.Today Libya is one of the emerging economic giants in Africa courtesy of its grand oil resources (Ham 35). It has also normalised its relations with the west and the UN lifted its economic sanctions after the Arab state complied with the set demands. Libya has a population of around 6 million mountain and a GDP of $21 billion. It has carried out extensive private and public sector reforms to encourage foreign investors so as to spur the local economy.The banking industry in Libya is fairly complicated (Collard 71-72). Due to the embargo that was put by the UN and other

Discuss the military strategy of the North from 1861 to the end of Essay

Discuss the military strategy of the North from 1861 to the end of 1862. How successful was this strategy - Essay ExampleEven though this strategy led to numerous casualties, it was instrumental in grounding the Southern forces. The North strategy was good to an extent that it diminished any possibility of foreign intervention, particularly from the Great Britain (Bradford, 2010).Finally, it is most-valuable to look at how successful the North strategy was. To a greater extent, historians and military strategists agree that the strategy applied by the North from 1861 to the end of 1862 was successful. Martin (2003) argues that this determine is informed by the outcomes of the strategy. It is considered successful because it made the Southerners to lose morale because they were constantly exhausting their efforts by being prepared to fight without actually doing so. This strategy saw the North destroying vital transportation routes of the Southerners, a strategy that was effective in ensuring that they won the war (Bradford,

Diversity in the Workforce Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diversity in the Workforce - Case Study ExampleIdeally, spurt force diversity encompasses the different attributes that a work team may fuck off in order to achieve complementary and harmonized work forces for all. Employees learn the value of treating one another with heed and dignity to appreciate of diversities in a learning process. On the contrary, the use of these attributes to gain favoritism in workforce selection is a highly disheartened trait. In essence, an employee should attain work because they be competent for the job and not based on their gender, age, lam, or religious inclination. It also applies in other forms of the work force related practices like tuition, demotion, payment of salaries, promotion, and accreditation. Abstract With these in mind, this essay will zone in on the indicators of the work force diversity that include race, ethnicity, national identity, age, gender, marital status, disabilities, and religion. This diversity to workforce has dif ferent impacts on an organizations operations. In essence, this essay will explore these indicators with their impact on spherical organization and the overall success or failures in the maintenance of a diverse work force. Further, it will reflect on the policies safeguarding employees against any form of dissimilarity either because of the above mention factors also including medical conditions of the employees. Race and ethnicity Ideally, as businesses seek to expand across international markets, the aspect of race and cultural borders are narrowing down to minimal levels (Nittle, 2012). This stride draws celebration of the work force diversity since companies train their faculty to appreciate cultural diversities within their work force. This training cultivates a tolerant environment for all those involved in the realization of the organizations goals and future objectives (Hewitt, 2009). In essence, race and ethnicity bring about stereotyping and racial attributes that tend to lower the morale of the employees. For instance, racial prejudice becomes an inevitable factor especially when employees down play its effects on the work force. This issue may draw origin from the fact that individuals may feel that a certain race is superior to others, which will effect hatred and animosity. In essence, people have different upbringings hence making their reflections on certain issues different. Essentially, every employee should feel valued because of the contribution added to the company because of their competency. The solution to this problem is to ensure that all the staff receive training in order to exercise the teaching of the importance of mutual respect. In addition, although expensive, this training helps the employees to understand the ways that they similar in footing of race rather than on their differences. In end, employees tend to appreciate one another ensuring that the company attains development. National origin and immigration Sequentiall y, a company may consist of individuals from different nationalities in order to compliment the company towards intended results. The effect s of an individuals country of origin is similar to those of race and ethnicity (Oyler & Pryor, 2009). However, individuals within a companys structure may view another employee from a different country as in capable because of their indigenous origin. Ideally, work performance should not base on the citizenship of individuals, but instead should base on an individuals merit and accreditation. In this regard, potential

The Diplomatic Efforts To End WWII Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Diplomatic Efforts To End WWII - Assignment ExampleHow constantly, America supported the Nationalist wing but remained neutral till the genuinely end (Butow). The Attack on Pearl Harbor With the passage of time, it was observed that relations between Japan and America were growing weak which eventually resulted in the attack on Pearl Harbor. America along with other countries condemned Japans growing influence and its strategy to expand its boundaries by getting into fights with the nigh countries. To maintain its dominance in the region, Japan attacked the U.S naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The attack was int terminate to keep the U.S military off from entering or invading the military actions of Japan. This attacked changed the nature of relationship between Japan and America and thus provoking America to enter in the fight with Japan which caused huge damages to the Japanese nation. End of the War We find no significant clue or the evidences that could state clearl y that what ended the war in 1945 and there is no evidence of that could prove the most highlighted controversy that the use of atomic bomb or a nuclear weapon was the soil to end the war. However, the reasons for result the war can be concluded on the formation of three national consensuses that 1- The use of nuclear weapons was justified 2- The war ended because of their use 3- The use of the weapons was justified morally as saving more lives than they cost (Sherwin). American Policy and dodge In 1943, President Roosevelt declared the ending of war by stating it as the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers. The term unconditional surrender was coined to declare that no one after Japan and Germany would ever try to threaten the peace of the region. America declared its actions as a need to restore peace and harmony in the region (Sherwin). Japanese Strategy and Policy Japanese devised a new strategy to overcome the defeat they have incurred during the war by the hands of Ame ricans. The Japanese leaders did not go across their condition as severe in fact they devised a new military-political plan to overcome this defeat. They thought that this plan would be sufficient enough to mug the ending of the war as satisfactory. This plan which they named Ketsu Go contained the fundamental idea that Americans despite their strong material power are brittle creatures. Japanese believed that by giving huge loss to Americans on the Home lands would mark an end on the war. Japanese calculated the strength of American force and the command. But after the Imperial conference in June, they sanctified the Ketsu Go plan. Japanese proposed the fact in their policy papers that the starvation from the food could bring them more causalities than the passage of arms with America (Butow). An Insight on What Ended the War Truman became the President of America in 1945 when World War II was almost getting over in Europe. Hitler committed suicide which marked the surrender of Germany. However, in Pacific the war was still on its highest peak with Japan fighting back like a warrior with America. With the new President Truman, military officials proposed the plan with Allied invasion on Japan, America can gain the victory. Truman knew about the plan which was planned on victimization it as his second option the use of the most terrible weapon that would destruct and damage the entire country known in

Shakespeare's Othello theme and characterization Essay

Shakespeares Othello theme and characterization - Essay Example34).Lago characterization is basically institution of black sheep in the societies that how they play with individuals life and destroys them. Their mind games are of pure evilness and immorality utmost desire to get power, wealthiness & ranks can lead them to do any spiteful task. Lago in the quest of such desires makes a big spectrum in which he plays with many individuals life and creates conflicts in between them so that he would lead to the ultimate path of success. His agenda is self fulfilment of worldly desire for which he would place any step (Rees, 186). The theme of the author is to concentrate readers on such kind of devil-men who are present in the human race.Othello is depicted as grinder in the novel however his did some immoral acts collect to ignorance about the occurrence of certain events. Lago is the main person behind this whole game plan. The generator wanted to depict that sometimes even good people can commit crime due to ignorance, resentment, jealousy, envy and unawareness but their agenda is non to prevail destruction among the society. Their acts are in the light of presented facts and figures and thus they feel resentful inside thus take bitter actions. Othello killed her wife due to sure-enough(prenominal) misunderstanding though taking a human life due to jealousy, betrayal and revenge is not justifiable in any book of righteousness (Toole 73).Todd & Kenneth (371) illustrate that Othello after knowing the real picture of the handkerchief incident commits suicide as he feels extremely sorry for his act of killing her wife, disrespecting her and tailor Cassio services. The writer wanted the readers to understand that the good ones cannot resist after hearing the truth as they feel ashamed of their wrong full treatment prevailed. Also man with a noble and gentle heart knows that whats right and wrong in life so killing an innocent due to a great

'Critically examine the relationship between war and underdevelopment' Essay

Critically examine the relationship between war and underdevelopment - Essay archetypeBefore analyzing the impact of war on development, the present paper will first provide a precise discussion of factors that cause war. Structural and predestinationist explanations of the causes of war or violence suggest that circumstances compel people to involve in war. There can be several stinting factors relating to grievances, dissimilitude or scarcity social issues relating to some kind of ethnic, religious or gender differences or political factors like incompatible claims to power, resources etc. Some different explanations look at the agency problems and claim that war results from the choices that peoples agency choose and their fight is quite rational. If the previous two approaches of explaining the causes of war atomic number 18 combined, then it can be said that peoples choice of getting into violence or war is shaped by the prevailing circumstances, which may be based on some conflicting interests or differing rationalities among groups.There is no doubt that war has numerous negative impacts on social, political and economic life of people. Many people are of the opinion that war negatively affects development of a country or region. Huge costs are mired in war. There are a lot of studies which have described several negative effects of war. Among various types of costs, the economic costs are the well-nigh important ones that directly affect the developmental process of a country or region. According to Dreze and Gazdar (Dreze and Gazdar, 1991, p. 930), the economic and welfare consequences that resulted from UN-Iraq Gulf war was more impish than the suffering that resulted directly from the war. There exists a distinction between direct and indirect costs of war on human welfare. Direct costs intimate the destruction that the war causes to the civilization, while indirect costs are those that are realized in the later periods. During war several economic strategies are undertaken which produces immense impact, mostly in a negative way on the development. For

Organic Food Production Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organic Food Production Values - Essay ExampleAny substance that is formulated or manufactured by a chemical substance process, or by a process that results in a chemical change in a substance extracted from a naturally occurring plant savage or mineral source, is termed a synthetic material.The main emphasis of innate farming is to minimize air, soil and water pollution. Animal and crop wastes, botanical, biological or non-synthetic pest control methods are used in organic farming. When required only permissible synthetic material that can be quickly down in the mouth down by oxygen and sunlight are used. Alternative methods to increase soil fertility such as crop rotation, tillage and cultivation practices, see crops, and natural products such as natural fertilizers and pesticides are used.To be used for organic farming, a plot of land has to be free from the use of prohibitive substances for a minimum period of three years before the harvest of an organic crop. Organic farming , therefore, takes a long start-up period.Organic foods are produced according to certain production standards. For crops, it means they were grown without the use of conventional pesticides, artificial fertilizers, human waste, or sewage sludge, and that they were processed without ionizing radiation or food additives. For animals, it means they were reared without the habitude use of antibiotics and without the use of growth hormones. In most countries, organic produce must not be genetically modified. (Wikipedia)The Biodynamic Movement founded by Rudolf Steiner is the main conceit behind organic farming. Conceived in the 1920s, biodynamic agriculture is the oldest consciously organic approach to agriculture. Biodynamic agriculture is stricter in its requirements for on-farm self-sufficiency, in terms of manure, compost and animal feed, than other types of organic farming.

Conformity discussion Essay Example for Free

Conformity discussion EssayConformity was first researched by Jenness (1932) who dictated a large number of beans in a bottle and asked students to estimate the number and then arranged for them to discuss their guesses with a radical, later when asked to give their estimates again he found their individual estimates had converged towards that of the group. In Sherifs (1935) study of residency, Sherif used the autokinetic effect in which a stationary spotlight in the dark seems to be paltry due(p) to slight movements of the eye. When participants were asked by how much and in what direction did the spotlight move they tended to make sagacitys that were very soused to each others when placed in a group. The fact that a group norm rapidly replaced the personal norms of the members of the group indicates the existence of social influence.Asch questi angiotensin-converting enzymed the results of Sheriffs study and claimed that participants only conformed because the stimulus was ambiguous. Asch (1951) set up a situation in which 7 people all sat looking at a display they were given the task of saying out sleazy which one of the three lines a, b or c was the same the same length as the given stimulus line all but one of the participants were confederates. On the crucial trials on which the confederates all gave the same wrong answer the genuine participant also gave the wrong answer on 37% of these trials. This showed that group pressures to conform were stronger then previously thought since the situation was unambiguous.This led to Deutsh and Gerard (1955) to identify two explanations for conformity, Normative and Informational influence. The latter occurs when an individual conforms because of the superior knowledge or judgement of others as in Sherifs (1935) study of conformity. Informational influence tends to lead to a change in private opinion. Normative influence occurs when an individual conforms because the person wants to be care by the othe r members of a group, and also wants to avoid rejection as in Asch (1951). Normative influence is not likely to change private opinions but cosmos opinions.However, since these studies it has been found that there exists a historical difference and cultural differences in conformity. One of the limitations of Aschs work was the background of the participants obtained from the United States in the early 1940s, Americans were said to be more conformist than other people. Perrin Spencer (1980) conducted research in which they repeated Aschs study in England and found little shew of conformity in comparison to Aschs study, leading(a) them to conclude that Aschs study was a child of its time. In addition to this Smith and Bond (1993) carried out an analysis of a number of studies that had used Aschs task in the United States.They concluded that Levels of conformity in general had steadily declined since Aschs study in the early 1950s. Still, Perrin Spencers study was criticized on t he grounds that the participants they selected were educated to a mettlesome standard and therefore had more confidence in their opinion. This together with Smith and Bonds research suggests that the decline in conformity through time has been largely due to changes in education practices.Hence the aim of this study is to investigate levels of conformity amongst sixth form tutors at Moseley UK, it is presumed that there will be little evidence of conformity since the participants have been through an education system that supposedly promotes independent thinking, as well as the time difference between now, and the original conformity studies. It is also true that the participants experience of society will reflect that of an individualistic nature where the emphasis is on and around the individual to have a sense impression of personal identity, thus reducing the likelihood of conformity. This will be done by partially replicating the Jennes jellybean study.Experimental hypothesis The participants will produce estimates that are close to the fake answers already written down in the high and low conditions.Null Hypothesis The participants estimates will be unaffected by the fake answers already written down in the high and low conditions.The experimental hypothesis is based on previous research.MethodDesignField Experiment purpose in that experiment was conducted within the school, this design was preferred as it was the most cost and time effective. Independent and Dependant variables included (IV= Condition, DV=estimate). There were 2 conditions graduate(prenominal) answer condition and a Low answer condition. Independent design in that each participant is selected for only one group. Directional Hypothesis was selected on the basis of previous research, the level of conformity, whether it was significant, was to be established using the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p=0.05.

Self - Assessment of Personality Essay Example for Free

Self Assessment of Personality Es asseverateId, Ego, Superego three levels of depth a person has to fill out in order to determine ones situatedness and beingness. In order to realize better and to assess ones egotism or to shaft who you reall(a)y ar, I believe that it should start from knowing the three you within one single body. With Sigmund Freuds theory I can relate more than for there are times that I could not understand myself. Specially at times when I am alone, I keep talking close and thinking about something, then later those things would vanish and Ill be back with reality perhaps. I really believe that we people are alternately changing our depths at a time, there are times when our Id prevails and we that dont know the exact when and where and how we get away from it. I envision it lot. Our Ego our prevalent state of mind the state wherein we think we always are. It is the state wherein we bring back ourselves from our imaginations and aspirations. Supere go, our mysterious personality wherein, I sometimes manufacture someone I could never put one over thought I could be in the real setting notwithstanding I unconsciously wanted to get under ones skin somebody interchange able-bodied that impossible me.A human being is really that mysterious and too puzzling because I know my physical actions for Ego limits me, but others do not know my other thoughts as ofttimes as I do not know what they too are thinking. That is why to preserve our self to be corrected and to be wronged by everybody else we commit these various ways of defense mechanisms and these ways are really common to us all and sometimes we are doing it but do not admit to doing it because we want to let the people know that we are not that easy to get and that we immaculate at all times because we are prideful in nature no matter how we deny it.Basing on the principles and theories of Carl Jung I can say that I can myself as an Extravert person and more specifically a extravert feeling type of person. That is because I am the person that it outward and enjoin to the world outside me. I enjoy human interactions and I am enthusiastic, talkative, assertive and expressive. Taking pleasure in activities that involve large social gatherings, such(prenominal) as parties, community activities, public demonstrations, and business or political groups are my type.I want to spend more time with people I know and comfortable being with them, moreover I feel energized when interacting with large group of people and feel a decrease of energy when left alone. Nonetheless I am sociable, sentimental, examineks personal and social success that is why I can say that I am a feeling type of extravert specifically. I also admit of possessing those broad of unconscious collective, like Persona, Shadow, being excited with my Animus-destiny and of course I am hoping to find the dependable one in the right time someday.With I could infer that in order to contain hel p ourselves survive from the extremes of separately of our life stages we restrain to apply the moderation principle like in Buddhism. We need to realize that everything has its own opposite as said in every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. However, Erikson wants us to realize that in life there is no such thing as perfection and that we cannot draw all good things and all bad things we have to be lie of this action, reaction principle.In order to do this, you have to consider some possible outcomes, and that everything will come our way because life comes in surprises. To be able to be able to lintel with the different conflicts in each life stage we should learn to embrace the two opposing possibilities. Like in exams although I have studied I cannot assure myself that I would pass the test that is why in order to not be shattered and disappointed with the results of whatever examination, we must need to expect the unexpected and think of the worst that would happen. In that way we could adjust and continue living.It is just a matter of making conflicts get together and when they do so, those conflicts will become an achievement in ones life.Adlers principle is on Superiority and Inferiority complex, and about the four types of people. at any rate also of the concept on Fictional Finalism- being the perfect self you can be. Each person is striving hard in order to attain the supremacy status of their lives. Hoping that time will come that everyone would look up on you and that you will become the master of all things, becoming good in all aspects of life and all.Having the most treasured and expensive things in the whole wide world wanting to make other people experience the hardships you have undergone before you reach where you are now. With Alfreds four types of people I categorize myself as belonging to the Socially Useful type of person, because I cherish having control over others lives and strive to do good things for the sake of society. I like the feeling of taking care of others see them bugger off and follow my move or maybe exceed my achievements, it is just that overwhelming.Maslows theory of personality is based on Humanistic Psychology. It aims to examine what is really right with people, rather than just what is wrong with them. Knowing more on the potentials of an individual rather than scrutinizing their incapabilities. The concept shows that humans reach for a high-level of capabilities in our possible and comfortable way. we have our preferences for we are unique and we must be respected for our own discretion. Furthermore, reality look for the frontiers of creativity, the highest reaches of consciousness and wiseness.Besides humans are labeled as to the full functioning person, healthy personality, or as Maslow calls this level, self-actualizing person. These self-actualizers are of addressing the needs of a human person, specifically our psychological needs, safety, belonging, self-es teem and the end self-actualization. It is in simplifying our life there we could attain the highest peak of our different careers, which is towards Self-Actualization and it could only be done if we focus on one thing at a time.Humans as we are we strive hard enough even ending up pushing ourselves to our limits. We want to be the One, to attain perfection at any aspect and to please everyone in the community. This goal of attaining perfection is not only influenced by our own feelings most often we are put in this kind of situation by the people in our community. For they have expected you to be always on top and that all your actions are flawless and if you do not keep up to their standards you will be considered an outcast from the society, you will become the subject for all the eyes, the talks and the jokes.In order to be able to cope with them you are trying as much as you can sometimes you even become paranoid and lunatic. Rogers only explains that people in the society are the people that prevents us from showing our real self and that is why we have this cover-up when you are outside- the thing you call as your Ideal Self, making each individual sometimes forget who they really are from their cover up self. In that way, we sometimes mix up our self with the fake and the true self we are.Making us more inclined with showing our mask instead of our true essence, Alberts Social- Cognitive Learning Theory explains why nowadays galore(postnominal) children are doing some mature stuffs and those acts that they are not suppose to do at their age but they are now doing, it is because as it is said what you see is what you get. Example when a child is exposed to a gambling community it is perhaps a resulting consequence that the child would grow up as a gambler.It is like what you are fed with, it is what you do and follow. Children in nature are observant enough, what gets their attention, probable result- the images will be stuck in their minds and they ha ve retention with that matter. nigh in line will be application or reproduction of that certain act and most probably if rewards or anything that would inspire them is match with that claim or matter the child would probably do those kinds of things.That is why I can say that what you are as a child reflections the current You. What you knew, observed, and confined as a little child would probably the cause of your current actions, you are doing now, for how you are as a child is how you will become when you grow up.Each one of us are shaped and are upholding some various traits we are taught when we were young that we have brought now that we are matured. People say that I am a person that always leads and is always cheerful and happy.On the deeper side, I feel being burden when I lead sometimes and that not every flash of my smile expresses that I am being happy, maybe I am just to angry that I could not do anything but laugh on it. That I think is my cardinal trait as a person . My central traits should be that I am trying to grateful at all costs and trying to be calm at all times not for my own sake but for the people close to me. Lastly, secondary traits is that my being easily pissed off and being too moody, I always show those traits when something is wrong with my scores in class or if I do not get what I want.Therefore traits of each and individual changes through time and nothing in constant, we could all have a change of traits as well as we have our change of hearts everytime we fall and by the time that we rise again. Traits of ours our sometimes our defense mechanism in order not to end up with having breakdown in our disappointments and trials, we must just manage ourselves properly in order to have a much better way of coping up mechanism when things go wrong.

Arabic Mythology Essay Example for Free

Arabic Mythology EssayLike any other culture, ancient Arabs believed in demons, devils and the similar, or at least they had stories about these things whquintessence or not they believed those stories were true. Like everybody else they had their own mythology. Some of these stories are not re solelyy famous even so for native speakers, comparable the story of how the peter lost its ability to fly, or the legend which states that a very long time ago everything was able to talk And few other stories are well-known (at least for those who DO read) like the ogres and poetry Genies. Arabs have a long-forgotten term which says when everythingQ was talking to describe something that happened a long time ago, specially in the pre-historic era. The root of this term is that ancient Arabs believed that everything -everything including animals and rocks- had the ability to talk at one point in history. And a lot of Arabian legends took place at that part of history. One example of this is the story of how did the rooster lost its ability to fly. The story goes like that the rooster and the crow were drinking together until they finished all the drinks they had.So the crow told the rooster that he would bring more drinks and food if he gave him his wings and the rooster agreed. Needless to say, the crow never returned them and that is why the rooster crows every morning. He is calling the crow at the same time he took his wings. Most of the paranormal Arabian stories take place in the abjure with a single hero. There are just so manhoody Arabian stories about encounters with paranormal creatures in the desert. Some of them are friendly like poetry demons or genies and some are not like ogres.Also there are some stories about heroes like Ta-ab-ba-ta_Sha-run, a real man who became a legend because of all the stories that were made up about him. He was described as The fastest man when he run, and the strongest when he fights. His spear when propel is like w inters windetc and he had so many encounters with demons and ogres in the desert. One of these encounters gave him his name when he fought an ogre bare-handed and killed it in Raha-Bitan. Then he carried it to his people infra his armpit so they gave him his name which means the one who carry evil ender his armpit. Unfortunately he was a thief in a lot of stories.When talking about pre-Islamic Arabs you can consider the demons and the Genies to be the same. Genies were famous as excellent poets, and Arabs believed that every human poet had a Genie friend who inspires him with verses, even if he didnt know about it. The genie is called Ra-Ei, this word is driven from the verb to see and realizing what is behind the seen. And from a noun mean seeing the future or predicting it ether in real life or a dream that turns true. When you talk about a poet and his genie you say that the poet is the Genies Elf and the genie is the poets Ra-Ei.Elf is a word driven from Elfah which means a close relationship or feeling comfortable with a person or a thing that you get used to. Also some say that the Genie is born with you and you are stuck together forever, while others said that you do not born with a Genie but you can have one later. People said that the Genies come from a valley named Abqar/Abkar and their master is setting under the poetry tree, the root for all rhythms and verses in the world. It is said that you exit become a poet if you sleep in that valley for one night and you will meet your genie.All poetry Genies belong there even if they didnt actually live there. A genie doesnt necessarily need to be physically near his human friend to inspire him with verses so some Genies decide to stay there. Some famous poets claimed that they know their Genie and gave him a name, and some of them said that they met their Genie personally. Like Abu-Nawas and Al-Faraz-daq who both claimed that the head Genie is their Ra-Ei. Nowadays, we know that almost all mythologie s are wrong, but that is not a reason to provide them because the value of mythology does not lay in its veracity but in its role as a part of history and culture.

Tsunami Resisting Structure Design

Tsunami Resisting Structure DesignTsunami swingsAbstractIn the past Lebanon has experienced roughly study earthquakes and tsunamis. Kids are taught at school that Lebanons capital Beirut was buried 9 terms because of these catastrophic events. However, other than worldmade disasters, modern situation has been calm and this of a sudden Mediterranean country has been tsunami free for quite some time. Unfortunately studies show that this situation impart not remain as calm in the afterlife and that the Lebanese coast is in danger of re-experiencing these vagabonds. In this paper the historic Tsunami activity around the world volition be reviewed and evidence shall be given on why this event will strike Lebanon after 1500 years of absence. In addition, the behaviors and characteristics of tsunamis will be presented, how they start and how they destroy and by knowing the effects they have on buildings and the damages they cause to their elements, we are able to design a structu re with the purpose of resisting these fill up. The aim of this study is to design a Tsunami Resisting Structure in accordance with the current guidelines and complying with the existing Standards and Codes, that is expected to provide safe refugee from Tsunami and earthquakes. An example shall be given and the applied loads shall be metrical in the following pages.IntroductionIt is said in the bible that the Lord told Noah that a flood of waters shall be brought upon the Earth to destroy mankind, both man and beast shall drown (Genesis 617). Tsunamis have been happening since the beginning of time, in the past as well as in our days when that event occurred, as part of evacuation technique or simply by instincts for survival people try to escape by going inland or try to reach higher altitudes. But the wave hits the land with great energy and speed that basically trying to race it horizontally is practically impossible and about casualties that happen during a tsunami is when people try to flee the coast and move inland to higher altitudes. In some theatre of operationss an evacuation is not possible in time and the best chances people have is through a vertical evacuation by moving upwards to higher levels in a tsunami resisting structure. (FEMA P646A, 2009)The image of a vertical evacuation structure came to be after the tragic Sumatra earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami in December 26, 2004. 300,000 lives were lost in the packing material day tsunami (Christian Meinig et al.,2005), and that number would have been so much worse if Reinforced Concrete Structure did not act as shelters for survivals. (FEMA P646A, 2009)We learnt from past events, and if a concrete multistory house was able to resist, even it was temporarily, even if it was for a short term, then a structure brush off be designed to withstand Tsunami as well as earthquakes, because in most cases, these two hazards are connected.DefinitionThe Federal Emergency counsel Agency (FEMA) and the National Oceanic Atmospheric judicatory (NOAA) explain tsunami as A Tsunami is a naturally occurring series of ocean waves resulting from a rapid, large-scale disturbance in a body of water.). They can be caused by either volcano eruption under water, or earthquake or landslides etc. (FEMA P646A, 2009). When they travel in the ocean the waves and fast but short in height, but when they reach the coast, the waves gain in height.It was believed that a number of events led to these oceanic waves however after the study of past events it was concluded that the major cause for tsunami generations was due to tectonic movements. Katsuyuki Abe in his publication Tsunami and Mechanism of great earthquakes explains the relationship between these waves and earthquakes. Katsuyuki Abe said tsunamis are generated by tectonic deformations rather than by large submarine landslides and slumps. (Katsuyuki Abe, 1972). When tectonic plates are active, plate deformation induces seismic activity t hat cause earthquakes (Stein and Klosko, 2002) and The source of the tsunami/earthquake can be tracked tolerate to its origin by analyzing the arrival date of the first wave to the shore.The boxing day 2004 Tsunami went down in history as the deadliest tsunami, with more than 230,000 casualties across 14 countries The earthquake triggering the tsunami was of magnitude 9, the most powerful earthquake in 40 years (ABC news, 2014). With its epicenter located at the Sumatra coast, between 2 tectonic plates, the Indian plate and the Burma plate. The two plates were so stressed that the earthquake happen when the Indian plate slipped under the Burma plate. (Sudhir et al., 2005)Tsunami in LebanonNo matter where we read or hear it, whether it was in the findings and studies published by the National Council for Scientific Research, Beirut, Lebanon or National Center for Geophysics, Lebanon or even in the August issue of the journal Geology 2007 or National Geographic News or Discovery News channel or the local newspapers, the context were the same It is just a matter of time before a destructive tsunami hits this region.An underwater survey placed Lebanon unspoilt an active fault that could generate an earthquake in the seafloor causing a desolate tsunami in the region. Elias Ata and colleagues researched that the same fault that was responsible for the strongest earthquakes in the Mediterranean is active and is in danger of producing a tsunami wave just like it did thousands of years past in the 551 A.D. tsunami in Phenecia now known as Lebanon (Elias et al, 2007). They confirmed the presence of fresh seismic breaks in the sea floor and argued that the Mount Lebanon thrust is identify as repeated earthquakes with 1500 years of return. Since the last earthquake was in 551 A.D. with an active fault line and a 1500 recurrence period, an earthquake in water is butt to happen any day now, and a tsunami will hit the entire Lebanese coast from north to south.Fortunatel y complying with the Lebanese building code for bend and design is deem to satisfy conditions for earthquake and seismic analysis, but the law does not impose tsunami design to developers and consultants and the idea of a tsunami resisting structure or a vertical evacuation model was somehow pixilated in the region. However now that we have solid proof of a predicted tsunami, that idea doesnt look absurd anymore.Structural system A basic concept design of a Tsunami/Earthquake proof structure follows a number of consideration and guidelines. After sight past events, we can conclude that the major element that contributes to the survival of houses was the material used. While most small residences in Australia are timber and light burden systems or even brick veneer and load rush wall system, the most robust model that can resist important horizontal or vertical loads is reinforced concrete and or Steel structures. Multistory building are heavier and olibanum can prevent sliding when horizontal action is applied and because above levels are not submerged they aid to resist lateral loads.Another key component is Orientation, when buildings are constructed in a direction parallel to the ocean, the wave will have a greater surface of contact, and therefore the lateral force will hit the plan faade with the lowest inertia. When they are built perpendicular to the ocean, the contact surface is smaller and the squeeze will act upon a direction of highest inertia. An ideal design is to not resist entirely the wave and have the structure with 800mm thick reinforced concrete wall. It must be a combination between a robust design combined with fragile members. In other word, the wave should pass through the building, without causing the collapse of above stories. In order for the wave to flow though the ground level, non-load bearing walls have to breakaway to make passage for the wave. These breakaway walls are masonry block walls, they collapse once struck by t he wave. (FEMA TB9, 99)How vulnerable Structures are?Observation to partly damaged houses indicated that all elements can fail under tsunami load. Foundation can be uplifted and soil can be scoured. Columns can be crop causing one story collapse or leading to progressive collapses of all upper levels and impact force can all in all dislocate columns. Beams can be bent lateraly due to horizontal action and were majorly cracked. Joints connecting two elements, such as vertical support with slab and foundation can fail entirely. Shear and divagation failure in walls have been detected, and punching shear where an axial element punches through a plan system was observed as well. However studying precisely the elements that failed is not enough engineers must also consider the components that survived. For instance, it was that facades that had openings such as windows and doors did not crumple as opposing to sides there were completely closed and thus have been ruined by the wave.Ca lculation exampleThis example consists of determining the actions caused by a tsunami on a structure of 2 basements, parking of area 1800 m2 each, Ground Level , Mezzanine and ten stories. The site is located 200 m from the shoreline, at elevation 5 m from the sea level near Beirut, LebanonElevation profile indicating the different slopes and location of the structure, taken from Google Earth 3DThe slope of the terrain is essential to determine the wave parameters, specially height.The Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA, has set guidelines to design structure from tsunami waves, FEMA P646 and FEMA P646A, 2005 shall be demonstrated in the below paragraphs to calculate all the loads generated on our structure. But first we necessitate to determine the waves properties.A tsunami wave is defined by its inundation elevation R*, with is the height of the wave at its maximum penetration. Given the topography of our project, the wave will reach the steep slope and retrieve back, tha ts 510m from the shore. To determine the height, we will assume that the height is 10mTsunami LoadsAs per FEMA P646A, 2005 8 forces are acted upon the structureHydrostatic, Buoyant, Hydrodynamic, Impulsive , junk impact, Debris damming and Uplift forces, not to mention Additional gravitational force loads from retained water on elevated floors.Hydrostatic force in the basement is when the water from tsunami is retained in the basement, and cannot escape because the basement wall outline prevent seepage, the water is trapped and the basements are compared to water reservoirs since the two basements are completely filled with water. A static analysis on reservoir will therefore be conducted with water height 12m (=6m+8m)Fluid density s = 1.2 water = 1200 kg/m3pc is the hydrostatic pressure, pc = s.g.hpc (at GL ) = s. h = 1200 x 8 = 9.6 T/m2pc (at 1st Bas. ) = s. h = 1200 x (8+ 3) = 13.2 T/m2pc (at 2nd Bas.) = s. h = 1200 x (8+6) = 16.8 T/m2Buoyant ForceThe uplift force as per Archim edes principle is as followThe reinforced concrete has a specific gravity of 2.5 T/m3, in our case the slab isnt a solid slab but made of hollow blocks with self weight equal to 0.63 T/m2 particularised gravity of a 32 cm slab of hollow blocks is = 1.97 T/m3Water has a specific gravity of 1.2 T/m3When immersed in the water the slab wont weight the same actuality it would weigh less due to the fact it has a buoyant force acting upward making it lighter.And so in water, the specific gravity of the slab will become 1.97 T/m3-1.2 T/m3 = 0.77 T/m3If we take into consideration the thickness of the slab 32 cm it becomes 0.77 T/m3 x 0.32m = 0.246 T/m2The buoyant pressure decreased the specific gravity of the slab from 0.63 T/m2 to 0.246 T/m2 so it must be equal to 0.63 T/m2 0.246 T/m2 = 0.384 T/m2The buoyant force will be applied upwards as uniform surface load 0.384 T/m2 acting on floors of 1stBasement, Ground level, Mezzanine and first floor.

Psychotherapy with Franco Americans: Ethnicity Analysis

Psychotherapy with Franco Americans Ethnicity AnalysisI stir always been detached from my bloodline, my heritage, my multi cultural experience. I have always felt like a mixed breed with place strong cultural identity or tradition. I have been told that I have primeval American, cut Canadian, Scottish, Irish, and German ancestors. I always held on to that 1/16 Native American Cherokee line that passes through my maternal grandfather by his serious blooded Cherokee nan. The medieval Conwy Castle in Wales that traces my namesake, Conway, to a Welsh castle built for Edward I in 1280s has always sent me dreaming of a violet heritage. Yet my white identity development requires my racial self-aw areness. To be a competent multi cultural counselor is to know thyself and ask, What does it mean to be white?In beginning my white identity research, I reconnected with family members and have found that actually I am not the queen of a castle or Cherokee princess solely that the mass of my heritage is recorded as far back as 1400 France. My father recorded the long line of cut ancestors and then settlers that travelled from France to red-hot France. Franco American cultural identity presents an opportunity to explore the construction of white culturality in North America (Langellier, 2002).I am Acadian. The name Acadia was first utilise by the french to differentiate the eastern side of New France (Nova Scotia) from the west which began with the St. Lawrence valley and was named Canada (Doughty, 1922). Where Acadia ended and Canada began was never clearly defined and thus became the cause of French and English conflict for several decades.The Francois Coste family of my paternal grandmother, hails from the Martigues, Maraseille area of France. The Coste family migrated to Port Royal, Nova Scotia amid 1672-1695 according to family documents. The family of Jean Fougere, with wife Marie Bourg, a branch from the same paternal grandmother came from the Diocese of Orleans, France, migrating to Cape Breton Island amid 1691-1720. Prior to my ancestors travel towards Acadia, settlements appeared to thrive, In 1667 Acadia was restored to France from English rule and by 1685 the population had doubled (Doughty, 1922). In 1670, the King of France designed a law to increase the population of New France any household who had ten living children all under one roof would receive a yearly pension of 300 pounds from the government. The population doubled every two decades and the legacy of the large French family endures (Langellier, 2009).Peace wasnt to last, 1690 saw the outbreak of other Anglo-French war and in 1702 Queen Anne of England declared war against France and Spain. Despite war, the population of Acadia had grown to about 2,100 people by 1710, and they were a strong, healthy, virtuous people rightfully attached to their religion and traditions. The most notable singularity of their race was stub naturalness. The Acadians were content with the product of their labor and having few wants, they lived in perfect equality and with extreme fasting (Doughty, 1922). In 1713, The Treaty of Utrecht set at rest the question of the ownership. Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island and the other gulf islands were in the hands of the French while Nova Scotia or Acadia was passed to the British crown (Doughty, 1922).The Great Diaspora of 1755 left Acadians completely unprepared for the devastation to come.By the Kings orders you are convened to hear His Majestys final fortitude in respect to the French inhabitants of this his province of Nova ScotiaThus it is peremptorily His Majestys orders that all the French inhabitants of these districts be removed and through His Majestys goodness I am directed to allow you liberty to carry with you your money and as many of your household goods as you can take without discommoding the vessels you go in. I hope that in whatever part of the world your lot may fall, you may be faithful subjects, a nd a peaceable and happy people. -given at Grand-Pre, 2nd September 1755 John Winslow (Doughty, 1922)Now deprived of all they held dear, the French were sent adrift as wanderers and exiles (Doughty, 1922) and my ancestors were sprinkled throughout the Acadian province in Port Royal, St. light beams, Cape Breton Island, Annapolis Royal, Ile Royale, and Port Toulouse. Some were brutally deported from eastern Canada to the Atlantic coast of the United States (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005).Deportation and exile did not bring peace to Nova Scotia. The Acadians who sought-after(a) refuge in the forests and in Cape Breton joined with their Indian allies in guerilla warfare against the British and there became more killing and decease from Indian raids than ever before (Doughty, 1922).The Acadians suffered severely. Families and colonies were separated and torn apart, spread among New England and as far south as Louisiana, an estimated 6,000 peoples deported and scattered among Bri tish colonies and merged into the superior general population with a lost identity (Doughty, 1922). The history of Franco Americans is described as silenced, forgotten, lost, sold, abandoned, translated into English, absorbed, deported, or conquered, still often too poor or working-class, keeping to ourselves, staying out of sight, on the move. And ashamed of ourselves (Langellier, 2009). In Canada, the French were admonished to speak white by British who overheard them using their mother tongue in public, a racist score of ethnic shaming. (Langellier, 2009).Characteristic of oppressed people in colonized countries and with significant parallels in the developed world is the culture of silence oppressors in the dominant culture exertion to silence through education and other institutions (Hanna, Talley, Guindon, 2000).Yet in Nova Scotia, the Acadians were missed by the oppressive British. In 1761, then lieutenant-governor wrote it appears necessary that the inhabitants should be assisted by the Acadians in repairing the dykes for the preservation and recovery of the marsh lands, as the Acadians are the most skillful in the country (Doughty, 1922).The Treaty of Paris, in 1763, brought about peace between France and England and put an end to French power in America. The Acadians were no longer considered a menace and many were able to descend home. The persecution and exile from Nova Scotia required the French Canadians to hide from the English in a psychological sense. They lived apart and turned in upon themselves in isolated rural settings, dominated culturally as intimately as religiously by the Catholic Church, they led simple lives and had minimal education (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005).My Fougere and Coste families settled for over 200 years in Atlantic Canada between 1670-1890s. Some Acadians were to wander as exiles in many lands for many years, separated from their children and from their kind, while others, more fortunate, were soon to re gain their native soil (Doughty, 1922). The earliest impetus in my family history documents a return to Nova Scotia recorded in 1784, 30 years after the English had exiled the French.My great grandfather, Jeffrey Elias Levangie, was born in Havre Boucher, Nova Scotia in 1885 he the family heir that migrated to Boston, Massachusetts in the early 1900s to raise his Franco American family. The people of Massachusetts loved not Catholics and Frenchmen nevertheless, they received the refugees with especial kindness (Doughty, 1922). Franco American neighborhoods became cognise as half-size Canadales petits canadas, the safe community where French Canadians congregated upon emigrating to the United States. Les petits canadas were barricades against assimilation, especially the against the English language, Protestantism, and the dominant Irish Catholic hierarchy (Langellier, 2009).Franco Americans have been shaped by Catholicism, by their language, by dedication to family and work, and by a conservatism that arose from their rural roots (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005). They kept their faith, language, and culture as an ethnic victory.Their ethnic survival is named la survivance, the passionate effort to maintain French identity in North America. Through sheer stubbornness, French feel, and a long memory, la survivance focused on language retention, strict allegiance to the Catholic Church, parochial schooling and ethnic social organizations (Langellier, 2009). Church power secured French identity through its hold on education, by parochial schools unifying language, faith and customs. These schools anchored the neighborhoods, reproducing rural vil cast awayes in urban settings to create resistance in assimilation (Langellier, 2009). This devotion to the French language and Catholic faith made Franco Americans the targets of religious hostility and racist attacks. In the 1880s and again in 1920s, French Catholics were the target of cross burnings by the Ku K lux Klan (Langellier, 2009).Always a hardworking group, even the British could not deny their resilient efforts. The French would do and make do. It was said in our lives nothing is thought, everything is done (Langellier, 2009). By the 1940s, the Franco community was largely working class in the United States (Langellier, 2009). Despite their work ethic, if we were to take the state of Maine as a relative sample, we would see that Franco Americans lag the rest of the population in earnings and education according to the 2010 census data. Among older French Americans, there is a strong connection between pride in culture and economic success (Long, 2012). Today, Maines largest ethnic populous is of French descent, however more than 98 percent of Mainers classified as Franco-American were born in the United States, and the French language is no longer central to Franco identity (Long, 2012). Of those coming of age Franco Mainers 82% expressed doubts about the value of college and ev en so 19% identified themselves as unemployed. One clear poll showed how having one family member attend college, spurred others to value education. This has increased emphasis on programs that honor Franco-American heritage and culture toward economic benefits (Long, 2012).The North American French embodies a cultural identity that has persisted for 400 years, enduring as a quiet presence of Franco Americans. Franco Americans are twice immigrants, first from France to New France and then from Canada to the U.S. (Langellier, 2009). 200 years of discrimination, oppression, and poverty have shaped the Franco American culture and character that yokes ethnic pride with ethnic shame. Within the white ethnic hierarchy, Franco Americans have been at the bottom (Langellier, 2009). As recently as the 1980s, young children were place in speech therapy to separate their accents writes langellier. Franco Americans tend to distrust even other ethnic groups that have been the target of prejudice s as they have suffered abuse and discrimination, the survival of Franco Americans is in their spirit of endurance (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005). death chair Clintons race advisory board concluded that racial legacies of the past continue to haunt modern policies and practices that create unfair disparities between minority and majority groups (Sue, et al., 2007). Franco Americans have experienced distinct racial disparities and micro aggressions including alien in ones own land, ascription of intelligence, denial of individual racism, anthologizing cultural values, chat styles, second class status and environmental invalidation.Oppression is related in or so way or another to most of the problems presented to counselors (Hanna, Talley, Guindon, 2000). For effective counseling to occur, states Sue, et al (2007), a positive coalition must develop between the counselor and client and working with clients who differ from the therapist in race, ethnicity, religion, culture an d sexual predilection can pose special challenges. Franco Americans emphasize conformity, respect for authority and institutions, family loyalty, religious traditions, hard work and sensational self-control (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005).Anger is often a hidden emotion within the family and is either not allowed or vented passive aggressively when anger does erupt, silence, slamming doors, or self punishment are common expressions(McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005).Today the French speaking population in this country is concentrated in mainly the northeast and in Louisiana, yet it is the third language group in the unify states. Counselors in these areas have a primary need to raise their cultural consciousnesses about the French American experience(Hagel, 1978).In France, counseling looks very different than in the US. Professionals in the fields of counseling have different qualifications and often act as either vocational counselors or counseling psychologists (Bernarud , Cohen-Scali, Guichard, 2007).The word counseling in French is often misunderstood. The closest translation is conseil which literally means advice. For the French, counseling is far removed from the idea of therapy. counseling is sometimes scorned and absent from some mental health manuals, at times presented as a quick fix remedy. (Bernarud, Cohen-Scali, Guichard, 2007)and Counseling psychology textbooks commonly referenced do not last in the French language. (Bernarud, Cohen-Scali, Guichard, 2007)Little has been published on psychotherapy with Franco Americans. (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005) The increasing federal support for French bilingual education programs and dissemination of Franco oriented publications signalize to the need for the study of Franco American culture. This study can greatly enrich the cross cultural experience of the counselor and client as well as foster renewed self awareness and pride. (Hagel, 1978)The French have a long history of self help . Personal problems were considered too intimate to share with a therapist stranger. Working the problem out on ones own or tolerating it is still a common ethic. Franco Americans are tentative in therapy and interventions may take time. The more pragmatic a therapists advice is, the more likely the client will return. Given the familys apprehension and resistance, the therapists ability to establish rapport is paramount. Franco Americans have traditionally led private lives, characterized by persistence, a spirit of independence and resourcefulness (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005)The most common justification mechanisms are denial, displacement, sublimination and rationalization. They may have a tendency to scapegoat, assume the martyr. the therapist may begin intensive brief therapy only by the third or fourth session when the qualities of survivance persistence, endurance and tenacity have been invested in the therapeutic bond. Crisis brings a need for practical behavioral solutions and A cognitive behavioral start tends to be effective. (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005)Most French ancestors rarely wish to discuss their ethnicity in treatment, according to mcgoldrick,et al. (2005). And reject an early emphasis on ethnicity in family therapy. However, if the therapist refuses to eff the significance of racism or ethnicity in treatment, the alliance between therapist and client will breakdown. The willingness to discuss racial matters is of central importance in creating a therapeutic alliance. (Sue, et al., 2007) it is often pointed out that when clinician and client differ from one another along racial lines, the relationship may serve as a microcosm for impress race relations in the us. (Sue, et al., 2007) often unintentional micro aggressions occur that pose the biggest challenge to the majority of white mental health professionals that have not developed their own white identity and are unintentional an unconscious in expressing their bias. Cultural competence requires racial self-awareness. (Sue, et al., 2007) As a result of having little or no awareness of their ethnic history, Franco Americans make family sized stories into group sized stories an over generalizing that takes away from their history and cultural identity. (Langellier, 2009)There is a correlativity between cultural pride and success, With traditional institutions such as the church, workplace and family that passed along cultural knowledge from generation to generation losing influence, integrating studies of Franco-American cultures, would be secure because having a strong sense of who you are and where you come from means youre more likely to be successful,(Long, 2012) Being cognizant of white racial identity development to identify racial micro aggressions as nearly all interracial encounters are prone. (Sue, et al., 2007)BibliographyBernaud, J., Cohen-Scali, V., Guichard, J. (2007, January). Counseling Psychology in France A Paradoxical Situ ation.Applied Psychology,56(1), 131-151. inside10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00281.xDoughty, A. G. (1922).The Acadian Exiles, A Chronicle of the Land of Evangeline(Vol. 9, pp. 1-161). Toronto, Canada Glasgow, Brook Company.Hagel, P. L. (1978, April). Resources for the Teaching of Franco-American Culture.The Modern Language Journal,62(4), 182-186. doi10.2307/324353Hanna, F. J., Talley, W. B., Guindon, M. H. (Fall 2000). The Power of Perception Toward a Model of Cultural Oppression and Liberation.Journal of Counseling Development,78(4), 430-439. doi10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01926.xLangellier, K. M. (2009, May 22). Performing family stories, forming cultural identity Franco American Memere stories. Communication Studies,53(1), 56-73. doi10.1080/10510970209388574Long, R. (2012, September 25). Franco-American Mainers lag rest of state in earnings, education, new epitome shows.Bangor Daily News. Retrieved from http//bangordailynews.com/2012/09/25/news/state/franco-american-mainers-lag-res t-of-state-in-earnings-education-new-analysis-shows/McGoldrick, M., Giordano, J., Pearce, J. K. (Eds.). (2005).Ethnicity and family therapy(3rd ed., pp. 545-553). New York, NY The Guilford Press.Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. B., Nadal, K. L., Esquilin, M. (May-June 2007). Racial Microaggressions in Everyday Life Implications for Clinical Practice.American Psychologist,62(4), 271-284. doi10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271Figure 1 https//journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/ arrest/18761/20563